Salozhin S V, Prokhorchuk E B, Georgiev G P
Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2005 May;70(5):525-32. doi: 10.1007/s10541-005-0146-8.
Regulation of gene expression is a complex process. It includes a great number of steps from control of mRNA synthesis to posttranslational modification of proteins. Epigenetic events play essential roles in regulation of transcription. In this review, we concentrate on methylation of DNA as one of the important epigenetic marks. It is well known that DNA methylation is associated with closed chromatin state and, therefore, repressed, inactive genes. Here we describe major processes that depend on DNA methylation: imprinting, X-inactivation, and oncogenesis. Also we describe a number of known methyl-DNA-binding proteins and links between methylation of DNA and higher-order chromatin structure.
基因表达调控是一个复杂的过程。它包括从mRNA合成的控制到蛋白质翻译后修饰的大量步骤。表观遗传事件在转录调控中起着至关重要的作用。在本综述中，我们将重点关注作为重要表观遗传标记之一的DNA甲基化。众所周知，DNA甲基化与染色质封闭状态相关，因此与受抑制的无活性基因相关。在这里，我们描述了依赖于DNA甲基化的主要过程：印记、X染色体失活和肿瘤发生。我们还描述了一些已知的甲基DNA结合蛋白以及DNA甲基化与高阶染色质结构之间的联系。
