Bozhkov Peter V, Filonova Lada H, Suarez Maria F
Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2005;67:135-79. doi: 10.1016/S0070-2153(05)67004-4.
Successful embryonic development in plants, as in animals, requires a strict coordination of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell-death programs. The role of cell death is especially critical for the establishment of polarity at early stages of plant embryogenesis, when the differentiation of the temporary structure, the suspensor, is followed by its programmed elimination. Here, we review the emerging knowledge of this and other functions of programmed cell death during plant embryogenesis, as revealed by developmental analyses of Arabidopsis embryo-specific mutants and gymnosperm (spruce and pine) model embryonic systems. Cell biological studies in these model systems have helped to identify and order the cellular processes occurring during self-destruction of the embryonic cells. While metazoan embryos can recruit both apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths, the ultimate choice depending on the developmental task and conditions, plant embryos use autophagic cell disassembly as a single universal cell-death pathway. Dysregulation of this pathway leads to aberrant or arrested embryo development. We address the role of distinct cellular components in the execution of the autophagic cell death, and outline an overall mechanistic view of how cells are eliminated during plant embryonic pattern formation. Finally, we discuss the possible roles of some of the candidate plant cell-death proteins in the regulation of developmental cell death.
与动物一样，植物胚胎的成功发育需要细胞增殖、细胞分化和细胞死亡程序的严格协调。细胞死亡在植物胚胎发育早期极性建立过程中起着尤为关键的作用，此时临时结构——胚柄分化后会经历程序性消除。在此，我们综述了拟南芥胚胎特异性突变体和裸子植物（云杉和松树）模型胚胎系统的发育分析所揭示的植物胚胎发育过程中程序性细胞死亡的这一功能及其他功能的新知识。这些模型系统中的细胞生物学研究有助于识别和梳理胚胎细胞自我毁灭过程中发生的细胞过程。虽然后生动物胚胎可以利用凋亡性细胞死亡和自噬性细胞死亡，最终选择取决于发育任务和条件，但植物胚胎将自噬性细胞解体作为单一的通用细胞死亡途径。该途径失调会导致胚胎发育异常或停滞。我们阐述了不同细胞成分在自噬性细胞死亡执行过程中的作用，并概述了植物胚胎模式形成过程中细胞如何被清除的整体机制观点。最后，我们讨论了一些候选植物细胞死亡蛋白在调控发育性细胞死亡中的可能作用。
