Wakai Masaki, Linthorne Nicholas P
School of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
Hum Mov Sci. 2005 Feb;24(1):81-96. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2004.12.001. Epub 2005 Feb 23.
The aim of this study was to identify and explain the optimum projection angle that maximises the distance achieved in a standing long jump. Five physically active males performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles, and the jumps were recorded and analysed using a 2-D video analysis procedure. The total jump distance achieved was considered as the sum of three component distances (take-off, flight, and landing), and the dependence of each component distance on the take-off angle was systematically investigated. The flight distance was strongly affected by a decrease in the jumper's take-off speed with increasing take-off angle, and the take-off distance and landing distance steadily decreased with increasing take-off angle due to changes in the jumper's body configuration. The optimum take-off angle for the jumper was the angle at which the three component distances combined to produce the greatest jump distance. Although the calculated optimum take-off angles (19-27 degrees) were lower than the jumpers' preferred take-off angles (31-39 degrees), the loss in jump distance through using a sub-optimum take-off angle was relatively small.
本研究的目的是确定并解释能使立定跳远达到最大距离的最佳投射角度。五名身体活跃的男性在广泛的起跳角度范围内进行了全力跳跃，使用二维视频分析程序记录并分析了这些跳跃。所达到的总跳跃距离被视为三个组成距离（起跳、飞行和着陆）之和，并系统地研究了每个组成距离对起跳角度的依赖性。飞行距离受到随着起跳角度增加而导致的跳跃者起跳速度下降的强烈影响，并且由于跳跃者身体形态的变化，起跳距离和着陆距离随着起跳角度的增加而稳步下降。对于跳跃者来说，最佳起跳角度是三个组成距离相结合产生最大跳跃距离的角度。尽管计算出的最佳起跳角度（19 - 27度）低于跳跃者偏好的起跳角度（31 - 39度），但使用次优起跳角度导致的跳跃距离损失相对较小。
