Gorea Andrei, Caetta Florent, Sagi Dov
Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, CNRS & René Descartes University, 71 Avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Vision Res. 2005 Sep;45(19):2523-32. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2005.03.018.
Judgmental interference in dual tasks has been demonstrated in conditions where the detection or discrimination of different contrast increments applied to two stimuli presented simultaneously or in sequence. The present work demonstrates such interference for changes along two distinct visual features, namely contrast and orientation, when simultaneously applied to the same or to two distinct objects (Gabor-patches). The interference reveals itself in the use of quasi-equal decision criteria for both dimensions, in conflict with an optimal behavior requiring that criteria be proportional to the sensitivities for the distinct changes. The quasi-equality of the criteria assessed for contrast and orientation changes implies the equality of the internal noises characterizing the respective detection process, hence suggesting that they are limited at the decision level. Among the conceptual consequences of this limitation are the existence of a meta-attribute decisional dimension (tantamount to that of a "central executive system") and the questionable merits of probability summation over spatial channels. In addition, the data show a significant sensitivity drop in the dual- with respect to the single-task conditions, all the more so when the modulated features belong to two objects rather than to the same object. While the sensitivity drop in dual tasks is the standard trademark of distributed attention, it is argued that decisional interference is yet another aspect of it.
在同时或相继呈现的两个刺激上应用不同对比度增量的检测或辨别条件下，已证明存在对双重任务的判断干扰。本研究表明，当同时应用于同一或两个不同物体（加博尔斑）时，沿着两个不同视觉特征（即对比度和方向）的变化会出现这种干扰。这种干扰表现为在两个维度上使用近似相等的决策标准，这与要求标准与不同变化的敏感度成比例的最优行为相冲突。为对比度和方向变化评估的标准的近似相等意味着表征各自检测过程的内部噪声相等，因此表明它们在决策层面受到限制。这种限制的概念性后果包括存在一个元属性决策维度（等同于“中央执行系统”的维度）以及空间通道上概率求和的可疑优点。此外，数据显示与单任务条件相比，双重任务中的敏感度显著下降，当调制特征属于两个物体而非同一物体时更是如此。虽然双重任务中的敏感度下降是分散注意力的标准特征，但有人认为决策干扰是其另一个方面。
