Theoretical aspects of canine cryopreserved semen evaluation.

Evaluation of canine cryopreserved semen has the ultimate goal of determining if an individual frozen ejaculate will have acceptable fertility. This is difficult in that there is no accepted normal fertility for the dog. The fertility of the female also plays a crucial role in estimating the fertility of the male. Poor female fertility can make a fertile male appear less fertile. Variability of animals, breeding technique, breeding timing, and number of cells inseminated make comparisons in canine fertility difficult to truly measure. Many more animals are needed to provide meaningful statistical results than are usually used. Several tests, including motility in bright field and phase contrast microscopy, computer analysis of motility, sperm morphology, sperm membrane integrity, capacitation and sperm function tests have been investigated to predict fertility, however few of these tests have actually been correlated with fertility. More work is needed to create one or more tests that accurately predict fertility of cryopreserved canine semen.