Paykel Eugene S, Brugha Traolach, Fryers Tom
University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas House, 18E Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 2AH, UK.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;15(4):411-23. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.008.
We review epidemiological studies of depression in Europe. Community surveys are essential. Methodological differences in survey methods, instruments, nuances in language and translation limit comparability, but consistent findings are emerging. Western European countries show 1 year prevalence of major depression of around 5%, with two-fold variation, probably methodological, and higher prevalences in women, the middle-aged, less privileged groups, and those experiencing social adversity. There is high comorbidity with other psychiatric and physical disorders. Depression is a major cause of disability. Incidence has been less studied and lifetime incidence is not clear, with longitudinal studies required. There is pressing need for prevalence studies from Eastern Europe. The considerable differences in health care systems among European countries may impact on proportions of depressives receiving treatment and its adequacy, particularly in the key area of primary care, and require further study. There is a need for public health programmes aimed at improving treatment, reducing rates and consequences of depressive disorders.
我们回顾了欧洲抑郁症的流行病学研究。社区调查至关重要。调查方法、工具、语言和翻译方面的细微差别导致的方法学差异限制了可比性，但一致的研究结果正在显现。西欧国家的重度抑郁症1年患病率约为5%，存在两倍的差异，可能是方法学上的原因，且女性、中年人群、弱势群体以及经历社会逆境的人群患病率更高。抑郁症与其他精神和身体疾病的共病率很高。抑郁症是致残的主要原因。发病率的研究较少，终生发病率尚不清楚，需要进行纵向研究。东欧迫切需要开展患病率研究。欧洲国家医疗保健系统的巨大差异可能会影响接受治疗的抑郁症患者比例及其充分性，尤其是在初级保健这一关键领域，这需要进一步研究。有必要开展旨在改善治疗、降低抑郁症发病率及其后果的公共卫生项目。
