Tasdemir Yücel, Kural Can
Uludag University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Environmental Engineering, 16059 Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey.
Environ Pollut. 2005 Dec;138(3):462-72. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.012.
Trace element dry deposition fluxes were measured using a smooth, greased, knife-edge surrogate surface (KSS) holding greased Mylar strips in Bursa, Turkey. Sampling program was conducted between October 2002 and June 2003 and 46 dry deposition samples were collected. The average fluxes of crustal metals (Mg, Ca, and Fe) were one to four orders of magnitude higher than the fluxes of anthropogenic metals. Trace element fluxes ranged from 3 (Cd) to 24,230 (Ca) microg m(-2) d(-1). The average trace element dry deposition fluxes measured in this study were similar to those measured in other urban areas. In addition, ambient air samples were also collected simultaneously with flux samples and concentrations of trace elements, collected with a TSP sampler, were between 0.7 and 4900 ng m(-3) for Cd and Ca, respectively. The overall trace element dry deposition velocities, calculated by dividing the fluxes to the particle phase concentrations ranged from 2.3+/-1.7 cm s(-1) (Pb) to 11.1+/-6.4 cm s(-1) (Ni). These values are in good agreement with the values calculated using similar techniques. The anthropogenic and crustal contributions were estimated by employing enrichment factors (EFs) calculated relative to the average crustal composition. Low EFs for dry deposition samples were calculated. This is probably due to contamination of local dust and its important contribution to the collected samples.
在土耳其布尔萨，使用一个光滑、涂油的刀刃替代表面（KSS）来测量微量元素干沉降通量，该表面上放置着涂油的聚酯薄膜条。采样计划于2002年10月至2003年6月进行，共收集了46个干沉降样本。地壳金属（镁、钙和铁）的平均通量比人为源金属的通量高1至4个数量级。微量元素通量范围为3（镉）至24230（钙）微克·米⁻²·天⁻¹。本研究中测得的微量元素平均干沉降通量与其他城市地区测得的通量相似。此外，在采集通量样本的同时还同步采集了环境空气样本，用总悬浮颗粒物采样器采集的微量元素浓度，镉和钙分别在0.7至4900纳克·米⁻³之间。通过将通量除以颗粒相浓度计算得到的总体微量元素干沉降速度范围为2.3±1.7厘米·秒⁻¹（铅）至11.1±6.4厘米·秒⁻¹（镍）。这些值与使用类似技术计算得到的值高度一致。通过采用相对于平均地壳组成计算的富集因子（EFs）来估算人为源和地壳源的贡献。计算得到干沉降样本的富集因子较低。这可能是由于当地灰尘的污染及其对所采集样本的重要贡献。
