Shafey T M, Al-Batshan H A, Ghannam M M, Al-Ayed M S
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Br Poult Sci. 2005 Apr;46(2):190-8. doi: 10.1080/00071660500065789.
The effects of intensity of brown eggshell pigment (light (LBP), medium (MBP) and dark (DBP)) and light intensity during incubation (low and high, 900 to 1380 and 1430 to 2080 lux, respectively) on eggshell characteristics, embryonic growth, hatchability traits, chick hatching weight and hatching time were investigated using eggs from a meat-type breeder (Hybro) flock at 32, 36 and 41 weeks of age in three trials. With eggs of similar weights the intensity of brown pigment was not associated with eggshell weight and thickness, and did not influence embryo weight and egg weight loss during incubation. The shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by young hens influenced the percentage hatchability (HP) of eggs incubated under light. Illuminated incubation improved HP of LBP eggs (compared with MBP and DBP eggs) from 32- and 36-week-old hens, but had no significant effect on HP of eggs from 41-week-old hens. Light intensity during incubation did not influence egg weight loss. High intensity of light during incubation reduced HP and increased early death percentage (EDP) in the LBP and MBP groups, and did not influence HP and EDP in the DBP group. Brown eggshell pigment and intensity of light during incubation did not influence hatching time. It is concluded that the shade of brown pigment, intensity of light during incubation and age of the breeder hens influenced the hatchability performance of embryos from brown eggs. Light during incubation improved the hatchability of embryos in light brown eggs laid by young hens and the shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by older hens did not influence hatchability under illuminated incubation. High intensity of light during incubation reduced hatchability of light and medium brown eggs, but not the dark brown eggs.
在三项试验中，使用来自肉用型种鸡（海波罗）群32、36和41周龄的鸡蛋，研究了褐壳蛋色素强度（浅（LBP）、中（MBP）和深（DBP））以及孵化期间的光照强度（低和高，分别为900至1380勒克斯和1430至2080勒克斯）对蛋壳特性、胚胎生长、孵化性能、雏鸡出雏体重和出雏时间的影响。对于重量相似的鸡蛋，褐色素强度与蛋壳重量和厚度无关，并且不影响孵化期间的胚胎重量和蛋重损失。年轻母鸡所产鸡蛋的褐色素深浅影响了在光照下孵化的鸡蛋的孵化率（HP）。光照孵化提高了32周龄和36周龄母鸡所产LBP鸡蛋（与MBP和DBP鸡蛋相比）的HP，但对41周龄母鸡所产鸡蛋的HP没有显著影响。孵化期间的光照强度不影响蛋重损失。孵化期间的高强度光照降低了LBP和MBP组的HP并增加了早期死亡率（EDP），而对DBP组的HP和EDP没有影响。褐壳蛋色素和孵化期间的光照强度不影响出雏时间。得出的结论是，褐色素深浅、孵化期间的光照强度和种母鸡的年龄影响了褐壳蛋胚胎的孵化性能。孵化期间的光照提高了年轻母鸡所产浅褐壳蛋胚胎的孵化率，而老龄母鸡所产鸡蛋的褐色素深浅在光照孵化下不影响孵化率。孵化期间的高强度光照降低了浅褐壳蛋和中褐壳蛋的孵化率，但对深褐壳蛋没有影响。
