Tona K, Voemesse K, N'nanlé O, Oke O E, Kouame Y A E, Bilalissi A, Meteyake H, Oso O M
Centre d'Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.
Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lome, Togo.
Front Physiol. 2022 May 23;13:895854. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.895854. eCollection 2022.
The chicken hatching egg is a self-contained life-supporting system for the developing embryo. However, the post-hatch performance of birds depends on several factors, including the breeder management and age, egg storage conditions and duration before incubation, and the incubation conditions. Studies have determined the effect of incubation factors on chick post-hatch growth potential. Therefore, chick physical quality at hatch is receiving increasing attention. Indeed, although incubation temperature, humidity, turning and ventilation are widely investigated, the effects of several variables such as exposure of the embryo to high or low levels, time of exposure, the amplitude of variations and stage exposures on embryo development and post-hatch performance remain poorly understood. This review paper focuses on chick quality and post-hatch performance as affected by incubation conditions. Also, chick physical quality parameters are discussed in the context of the parameters for determining chick quality and the factors that may affect it. These include incubation factors such as relative humidity, temperature, turning requirements, ventilation, feeding and delay in feed access. All these factors affect chick embryo physiology and development trajectory and consequently the quality of the hatched chicks and post-hatch performance. The potential application of adapted incubation conditions for improvement of post-hatch performance up to slaughter age is also discussed. It is concluded that incubation conditions affect embryo parameters and consequently post-hatch growth differentially according to exposure time and stage of exposure. Therefore, classical physical conditions are required to improve hatchability, chick quality and post-hatch growth.
鸡孵化蛋是发育中胚胎的一个自给自足的生命支持系统。然而，雏鸡出壳后的性能取决于几个因素，包括种鸡管理和年龄、孵化前的种蛋储存条件和时间以及孵化条件。研究已经确定了孵化因素对雏鸡出壳后生长潜力的影响。因此，雏鸡出壳时的身体素质受到越来越多的关注。的确，尽管孵化温度、湿度、翻蛋和通风已得到广泛研究，但诸如胚胎暴露于高水平或低水平、暴露时间、变化幅度以及阶段暴露等几个变量对胚胎发育和出壳后性能的影响仍知之甚少。这篇综述文章聚焦于孵化条件对雏鸡质量和出壳后性能的影响。此外，还在确定雏鸡质量的参数以及可能影响雏鸡质量的因素的背景下讨论了雏鸡身体素质参数。这些因素包括孵化因素，如相对湿度、温度、翻蛋要求、通风、喂食以及开始喂食的延迟。所有这些因素都会影响雏鸡胚胎的生理机能和发育轨迹，进而影响出壳雏鸡的质量和出壳后的性能。本文还讨论了采用适宜的孵化条件来提高直至屠宰年龄的出壳后性能的潜在应用。得出的结论是，孵化条件根据暴露时间和暴露阶段对胚胎参数以及随后的出壳后生长有不同的影响。因此，需要经典的物理条件来提高孵化率、雏鸡质量和出壳后生长性能。
