Yamaguchi Keizo, Ohno Akira
Department of Microbiology, Toho University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;52(2):135-43. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.02.009.
The susceptibilities of clinical isolates to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and other antimicrobial agents were surveyed to obtain an accurate understanding of the trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance. The samples were collected from across Japan, biennially, between 1994 and 2002 and a defined level of resistance to FQ determined. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae exhibited stable and high rates of susceptibility to FQ over the period examined. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus the rate of resistance to FQ was 80%-90%, markedly higher than that of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The rate of FQ-resistant Escherichia coli increased rapidly to approximately 10% for samples after 2000. Of 696 E. coli isolates collected in 2002, 13 produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), with 6 of 13 ESBL-producing isolates being FQ-resistant. No FQ resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. was detected in any of the surveys. The rate of FQ resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract and respiratory tract infections was 40%-60% and 15%-25%, respectively.
对临床分离株对氟喹诺酮类药物（FQs）和其他抗菌药物的敏感性进行了调查，以准确了解发病率和抗菌药物耐药性的趋势。样本于1994年至2002年期间每两年从日本各地收集一次，并确定了对FQ的特定耐药水平。在研究期间，肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌对FQ表现出稳定且较高的敏感性。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对FQ的耐药率为80%-90%，明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌。2000年后采集的样本中，耐FQ大肠杆菌的比例迅速上升至约10%。2002年收集的696株大肠杆菌分离株中，13株产生了超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL），其中13株产ESBL分离株中有6株对FQ耐药。在任何一项调查中，均未在沙门氏菌临床分离株中检测到对FQ的耐药性。从尿路感染和呼吸道感染中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌对FQ的耐药率分别为40%-60%和15%-25%。
