Pelusi Carla, Pasquali Renato
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.
Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(4):215-30. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302040-00001.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, which has been defined as the association of hyperandrogenism with chronic anovulation in women without specific adrenal and pituitary gland disease. A family history of polycystic ovary syndrome may be present in a subset of patients; however, the genetic basis of the syndrome remains unclear. Most often, the age of onset is perimenarchal and it is characterized by the appearance of menstrual disturbances, hirsutism, acne, and more rarely, a male pattern of alopecia. In some cases, premature adrenarche may present as a precursor to the development of the syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is also associated with metabolic disturbances, such as obesity and insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, for which the pathophysiological role in the development of the syndrome has been recognized. The therapeutic approaches to polycystic ovary syndrome include lifestyle modifications, dietary-induced weight loss, insulin-sensitizing agents, antiandrogens, and oral contraceptives. These treatments may improve the clinical manifestations of excess androgen production and normalize menses in many adolescents and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Early recognition of the syndrome and thus, early treatment, may prevent and possibly ameliorate all the symptoms and the potential later development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
多囊卵巢综合征是一种异质性临床综合征，被定义为在无特定肾上腺和垂体疾病的女性中，高雄激素血症与慢性无排卵的关联。一部分患者可能有多囊卵巢综合征家族史；然而，该综合征的遗传基础仍不清楚。最常见的发病年龄在月经初潮前后，其特征为月经紊乱、多毛、痤疮，较少见的还有男性型脱发。在某些情况下，肾上腺功能早现可能是该综合征发展的先兆。多囊卵巢综合征还与代谢紊乱相关，如肥胖以及伴有高胰岛素血症的胰岛素抵抗，其在该综合征发展中的病理生理作用已得到认可。多囊卵巢综合征的治疗方法包括生活方式改变、饮食诱导减重、胰岛素增敏剂、抗雄激素药物及口服避孕药。这些治疗可改善许多患有多囊卵巢综合征的青少年和年轻女性雄激素过多产生的临床表现，并使月经恢复正常。早期识别该综合征并尽早治疗，可能预防并或许改善所有症状以及后期潜在的代谢和心血管并发症的发生。
