Ono Koichi, Yamagishi Naoki, Aotsuka Toru, Hojo Rieko, Nogawa Yuki
Department of Psychology, Komazawa University, 1-23-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8525, Japan.
Behav Processes. 2005 Aug 31;70(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.024. Epub 2005 Mar 19.
A behavioral-history procedure was used to study the function of terminal-link stimuli as conditioned reinforcers in multiple concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement. First, three pigeons were exposed to multiple concurrent-chain schedules in which the two multiple-schedule components were correlated with a blue and a white stimulus, respectively. In each component the initial links were equal independent variable-interval (VI) 15 s schedules. A fixed-interval (FI) 10 s schedule operated on the red key in one terminal link while extinction operated on the green key in the alternative terminal link. When large preferences for the red stimulus had been established, two tests were conducted. In the terminal-link test, under new initial-link stimuli--purple and brown--an FI 10 s schedule operated for both the red and green terminal-link stimuli. In the subsequent initial-link test, the blue and white initial-link stimuli were reintroduced, and, as in the terminal-link test, FI 10s operated for both the red and the green terminal-link stimuli. In the terminal-link test, the three pigeons showed no preference for the terminal links with the red stimulus, but showed clear and consistent preferences for the red stimulus when blue and white stimuli were reintroduced as initial-link stimuli in the initial-link test. This suggests that there are multiple sources of control over initial-link response allocation in concurrent-chains, including control by both terminal- and initial-link stimuli.
采用行为史程序，研究了终端链刺激作为强化物在多重并发链强化程序中的作用。首先，让三只鸽子接受多重并发链程序，其中两个多重程序成分分别与蓝色和白色刺激相关联。在每个成分中，初始链均为独立的固定间隔（VI）15秒程序。一个固定间隔（FI）10秒程序作用于一个终端链中的红色按键，而另一个终端链中的绿色按键则处于消退状态。当对红色刺激形成强烈偏好后，进行了两项测试。在终端链测试中，在新的初始链刺激（紫色和棕色）下，FI 10秒程序同时作用于红色和绿色终端链刺激。在随后的初始链测试中，重新引入蓝色和白色初始链刺激，并且和终端链测试一样，FI 10秒程序同时作用于红色和绿色终端链刺激。在终端链测试中，三只鸽子对有红色刺激的终端链没有表现出偏好，但在初始链测试中，当重新引入蓝色和白色刺激作为初始链刺激时，它们对红色刺激表现出了明确且一致的偏好。这表明在并发链中，对初始链反应分配存在多种控制来源，包括终端链和初始链刺激的控制。
