Wong Christine J, Liversage Richard A
Ramsay Wright Zoological Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Dev Biol. 2005;49(4):375-89. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.041910cw.
The current study consists of a detailed description of normal larval forelimb and hindlimb development in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. This is the first comprehensive record of staging limb development in this urodele amphibian species, augmenting Fankhauser's work which was published in fragments 60 years ago. Larvae were obtained by natural spawning, without hormone injections and while experimental conditions such as temperature and light cycles were kept constant (20 degrees C and 12L/12D), larval sizes have been added here merely as guidelines as development is influenced by a number of extrinsic factors. Care has been taken to indicate similarities to either the Harrison or Glucksohn stages, although this relates mainly to their morphological descriptions of the limbs. Observations from limb use are also mentioned in the text where pertinent to the description of development.
本研究详细描述了红斑蝾螈（Notophthalmus viridescens）幼体前肢和后肢的正常发育情况。这是该有尾两栖类物种肢体发育分期的首个全面记录，补充了60年前零散发表的范克豪泽的研究成果。幼体通过自然产卵获得，未进行激素注射，且温度和光照周期等实验条件保持恒定（20摄氏度和12小时光照/12小时黑暗），此处仅将幼体大小作为发育指南列出，因为发育受多种外在因素影响。尽管这主要涉及肢体的形态学描述，但已注意指出与哈里森或格鲁克松阶段的相似之处。文中在与发育描述相关时也提及了肢体使用的观察结果。
