Coetzee Paul P, Steffens Francois E, Eiselen Riette J, Augustyn Ockert P, Balcaen Lieve, Vanhaecke Frank
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa.
J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5060-6. doi: 10.1021/jf048268n.
Wines from three important wine-producing regions, Stellenbosch, Robertson, and Swartland, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, were analyzed by ICP-MS and the elemental composition used in multivariate statistical analysis to classify the wines according to geographical origin. The method is based on the assumption that the provenance soil is an important contributor to the trace element composition of a wine. A total of 40 elements were determined in 40 wines. Of these, 20 elements: Li, B, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, Sc, Mn, Ni, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Nb, Cs, Ba, La, W, Tl, and U showed differences in their means across the three areas. In a stepwise discriminant analysis procedure, functions based on linear combinations of the log-transformed element concentrations of Al, Mn, Rb, Ba, W, and Tl were generated to correctly classify wines from each region. In an alternative approach, a pairwise discriminant analysis procedure, not previously used in wine provenance studies, was tested. In this procedure, the classification was done in three steps, with each step classifying a wine as coming from a certain region or not. The combination of elements characterizing wines from a particular region was different in each region. The discriminant functions were based on the following elements: Al, Mn, Rb, Ba, and W for Stellenbosch; Se, Rb, Cs, and Tl for Robertson; and Al, Mn, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Tl for Swartland. After this procedure, the classification of the wines into one of the groups was 100% successful.
对来自南非西开普省三个重要葡萄酒产区斯泰伦博斯、罗伯逊和斯瓦特兰的葡萄酒进行了电感耦合等离子体质谱分析，并将元素组成用于多元统计分析，以根据地理来源对葡萄酒进行分类。该方法基于这样的假设，即产地土壤是葡萄酒微量元素组成的重要贡献因素。共测定了40种葡萄酒中的40种元素。其中，锂、硼、镁、铝、硅、氯、钪、锰、镍、镓、硒、铷、锶、铌、铯、钡、镧、钨、铊和铀这20种元素在三个地区的均值存在差异。在逐步判别分析过程中，基于铝、锰、铷、钡、钨和铊的对数转换元素浓度的线性组合生成函数，以正确分类每个地区的葡萄酒。在另一种方法中，测试了一种成对判别分析程序，该程序此前未用于葡萄酒产地研究。在这个程序中，分类分三步进行，每一步将一种葡萄酒分类为来自某个特定地区或不是。表征特定地区葡萄酒的元素组合在每个地区都不同。判别函数基于以下元素：斯泰伦博斯地区为铝、锰、铷、钡和钨；罗伯逊地区为硒、铷、铯和铊；斯瓦特兰地区为铝、锰、铷、锶、钡和铊。经过这个程序后，将葡萄酒分类到其中一组的成功率为100%。
