Oteo José Antonio, Brouqui Philippe
Area de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Hospitalario San Millán-San Pedro-De La Rioja, Logroño, España.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2005 Jun-Jul;23(6):375-80. doi: 10.1157/13076178.
Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are acute febrile tick-borne diseases caused by various species of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma (Anaplasmataceae). To date, only cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly human granulocytic Ehrlichia, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and E. equi) have been diagnosed in Europe. HGA and Lyme borreliosis are closely related diseases that share vector and reservoirs. In addition to HGA, human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeensis has been reported in North America, as well as cases of infection due to E. ewingii in immunocompromised hosts. Ehrlichia spp. and A. phagocytophilum have tropism for blood cells, especially leukocytes and platelets, causing a considerable decrease of both components in these patients. HGA should be suspected in tick-bitten patients or those who have visited an endemic area and show symptoms of flu-like fever, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
人埃立克体病和无形体病是由埃立克体属和无形体属（无形体科）的各种物种引起的急性发热性蜱传疾病。迄今为止，在欧洲仅诊断出由嗜吞噬细胞无形体（以前称为人粒细胞埃立克体、嗜吞噬细胞埃立克体和马埃立克体）引起的人粒细胞无形体病（HGA）病例。HGA和莱姆病是密切相关的疾病，它们共有传播媒介和宿主。除HGA外，北美还报告了由恰菲埃立克体引起的人单核细胞埃立克体病，以及免疫功能低下宿主中因尤因埃立克体感染的病例。埃立克体属物种和嗜吞噬细胞无形体对血细胞具有嗜性，尤其是白细胞和血小板，导致这些患者体内这两种细胞成分显著减少。对于被蜱叮咬的患者或去过流行地区且出现流感样发热、白细胞减少和血小板减少症状的患者，应怀疑感染了HGA。
