Müller C A, Autenrieth I B, Peschel A
Section of Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Medical University Clinic, Department II, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Jun;62(12):1297-307. doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5034-2.
The innate immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestine and protecting the host against a vast number of potential microbial pathogens from resident and transient gut microflora. Mucosal epithelial cells and Paneth cells produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides (defensins, cathelicidins, crytdinrelated sequence peptides, bactericidal/permeabilityincreasing protein, chemokine CCL20) and bacteriolytic enzymes (lysozyme, group IIA phospholipase A2) that protect mucosal surfaces and crypts containing intestinal stem cells against invading microbes. Many of the intestinal antimicrobial molecules have additional roles of attracting leukocytes, alarming the adaptive immune system or neutralizing proinflammatory bacterial molecules. Dysfunction of components of the innate immune system has recently been implicated in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, illustrating the pivotal role of innate immunity in maintaining the delicate balance between immune tolerance and immune response in the gut.
固有免疫系统在维持肠道完整性以及保护宿主抵御来自常驻和暂居肠道微生物群的大量潜在微生物病原体方面发挥着关键作用。黏膜上皮细胞和潘氏细胞会产生多种抗菌肽（防御素、cathelicidins、隐窝素相关序列肽、杀菌/通透性增加蛋白、趋化因子CCL20）和溶菌酶（溶菌酶、IIA组磷脂酶A2），这些物质可保护含有肠道干细胞的黏膜表面和隐窝免受入侵微生物的侵害。许多肠道抗菌分子还具有吸引白细胞、警示适应性免疫系统或中和促炎细菌分子的额外作用。最近发现，固有免疫系统的组成部分功能失调与克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎等慢性炎症性肠病有关，这表明固有免疫在维持肠道免疫耐受和免疫反应之间的微妙平衡中起着关键作用。
