Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Mucosal Immunol. 2022 May;15(5):819-828. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00538-3. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a group of membrane proteins that mediate most of the physiological responses to various signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stimulants. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and presents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders falling under two main clinical subtypes including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is related to a genetically dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental drivers, mainly microbiotas. Although many drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, have been approved for IBD treatment, none can cure IBD permanently. Emerging evidence indicates significant associations between GPCRs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the essential physiological functions and signaling pathways of GPCRs and their roles in mucosal immunity and IBD regulation.
G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是一组膜蛋白，介导了对各种信号分子（如激素、神经递质和环境刺激物）的大多数生理反应。炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性复发性胃肠道疾病，表现为一系列异质性疾病，分为两种主要的临床亚型，包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）。IBD 的发病机制是多因素的，与对环境驱动因素（主要是微生物群）的遗传失调黏膜免疫反应有关。虽然有许多药物，如 5-氨基水杨酸、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂和生物制剂，已被批准用于 IBD 的治疗，但没有一种可以永久治愈 IBD。新出现的证据表明 GPCRs 与 IBD 的发病机制之间存在显著关联。在这里，我们概述了 GPCRs 的基本生理功能和信号通路及其在黏膜免疫和 IBD 调节中的作用。
