Doppelmayr Michael M, Finkernagel Holger, Doppelmayr Hildegard I
Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria.
Percept Mot Skills. 2005 Apr;100(2):473-87. doi: 10.2466/pms.100.2.473-487.
Two subjects participated in a 216 km ultramarathon with outside temperatures above 50 degrees C while several physiological and psychological parameters (cognitive performance assessed by a mental calculation task and an attentional task, subjective bodily experience, and lactate level) were evaluated throughout the race. Severe stress from dehydration, sleep deprivation, and total physical exhaustion are combined in a unique manner, allowing evaluation of their effects in a range far outside that obtainable in a laboratory setting. During the race the subjects answered a questionnaire about their actual bodily experiences, underwent 8 medical examinations, and performed two cognitive tests approximately every 35 kilometers. Analysis showed cognitive performance did not decrease steadily in a simple and gradual way but reached a peak in the morning of Day 2 after a short sleeping period and then decreased. In the early morning of Day 3, in general cognitive performance exhibited the worst results but increased differentially between the subjects again in the last test 1 km before the finish line.
两名受试者参加了一场216公里的超级马拉松赛，当时外界温度超过50摄氏度，同时在比赛全程对多项生理和心理参数（通过心算任务和注意力任务评估的认知表现、主观身体感受以及乳酸水平）进行了评估。脱水、睡眠剥夺和身体极度疲劳所带来的严重压力以一种独特的方式交织在一起，使得能够在远超实验室环境所能达到的范围内评估它们的影响。在比赛过程中，受试者回答了一份关于他们实际身体感受的问卷，接受了8次医学检查，并且大约每35公里进行两项认知测试。分析表明，认知表现并非以简单渐进的方式稳步下降，而是在短暂睡眠后的第二天早晨达到峰值，然后下降。在第三天清晨，总体认知表现呈现出最差的结果，但在接近终点线前1公里的最后一次测试中，受试者之间的表现再次出现了差异，其中部分受试者的认知表现有所提高。
