1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE; 2Cognitive Psychology Laboratory and 3C Research Federation, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, FRANCE; 3HP2 Laboratory, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, FRANCE; and 4U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, FRANCE.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Dec;45(12):2243-53. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829ce379.
Sleep deprivation (SD) is characterized by reduced cognitive capabilities and endurance exercise performance and increased perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise. The combined effects of SD and exercise-induced changes in neuromuscular function and cognition are unknown. This study aimed to determine whether central fatigue is greater with SD, and if so, whether this corresponds to diminished cognitive and physical responses.
Twelve active males performed two 2-d conditions (SD and control (CO)). On day 1, subjects performed baseline cognitive and neuromuscular testing. After one night of SD or normal sleep, subjects repeated day 1 testing and then performed 40-min submaximal cycling and a cycling test to task failure. Neuromuscular and cognitive functions were evaluated during the cycling protocol and at task failure.
After SD, exercise time to task failure was shorter (1137 ± 253 vs 1236 ± 282 s, P = 0.013) and RPE during 40 min submaximal cycling was greater (P = 0.009) than that in CO. Maximal peripheral voluntary activation decreased by 7% (P = 0.003) and cortical voluntary activation tended to decrease by 5% (P = 0.059) with exercise. No other differences in neuromuscular function or cognitive control were observed between conditions. After SD, mean reaction time was 8% longer (P = 0.011) and cognitive response omission rate before cycling was higher (P < 0.05) than that in CO. Acute submaximal exercise counteracted cognitive performance deterioration in SD.
One night of complete SD resulted in decreased time to task failure and cognitive performance and higher RPE compared with the control condition. The lack of difference in neuromuscular function between CO and SD indicates that decreased SD exercise performance was probably not caused by increased muscular or central fatigue.
睡眠剥夺（SD）的特征是认知能力下降，耐力运动表现下降，运动时感知用力增加（RPE）。SD 和运动引起的神经肌肉功能和认知变化的综合影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定 SD 是否会导致更大的中枢疲劳，如果是，这是否对应于认知和身体反应的减弱。
12 名活跃男性进行了两项 2 天的条件（SD 和对照（CO））。在第 1 天，受试者进行了基线认知和神经肌肉测试。在一夜 SD 或正常睡眠后，受试者重复第 1 天的测试，然后进行 40 分钟的次最大强度自行车运动和自行车测试至失败。在自行车方案和任务失败时评估神经肌肉和认知功能。
SD 后，运动至任务失败的时间更短（1137 ± 253 比 1236 ± 282 s，P = 0.013），40 分钟次最大强度自行车运动时的 RPE 更高（P = 0.009）比 CO。最大外周自愿激活降低了 7%（P = 0.003），皮质自愿激活倾向于降低 5%（P = 0.059）运动。在两种情况下，神经肌肉功能或认知控制均未观察到其他差异。SD 后，平均反应时间延长 8%（P = 0.011），且运动前认知反应遗漏率更高（P < 0.05）比 CO。急性次最大运动抵消了 SD 认知表现的恶化。
一夜完全 SD 导致与对照条件相比，任务失败和认知表现的时间减少，以及 RPE 更高。CO 和 SD 之间神经肌肉功能无差异表明，SD 运动表现下降可能不是由于肌肉或中枢疲劳增加所致。
