Cotton Sue, Richdale Amanda
ORYGEN Youth Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10 (35 Poplar Road), Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
Res Dev Disabil. 2006 Mar-Apr;27(2):151-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.003. Epub 2005 Jun 21.
Children with an intellectual disability (ID) are at high risk of developing sleep problems. The extent to which the prevalence and nature of sleep problems in these children is dependent on the disorder underlying their intellectual impairments remains unclear. This study examined and compared parental descriptions of sleep problems in children with autism (n = 37), Down syndrome (DS; n = 15), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS; n = 29), presumed familial intellectual disability (FID; n = 29), and typically developing children (TD; n = 55) in order to determine any influences of disorder on sleep patterns. The prevalence of sleep problems in the disability groups was at least four times higher than for TD children. Sleep problems were more prevalent in autism than the other disorders. Settling difficulties and co-sleeping were more common in the children with autism, whereas sleep maintenance problems were common in autism, DS, and FID, and daytime napping and excessive daytime sleepiness differentiated the children with PWS. These findings are discussed in light of the specific disorders, and with respect to the impact that sleep problems can have on the child and his/her family.
智力残疾（ID）儿童患睡眠问题的风险很高。这些儿童睡眠问题的患病率和性质在多大程度上取决于其智力障碍背后的疾病仍不清楚。本研究调查并比较了患有自闭症（n = 37）、唐氏综合征（DS；n = 15）、普拉德-威利综合征（PWS；n = 29）、疑似家族性智力残疾（FID；n = 29）的儿童以及发育正常的儿童（TD；n = 55）的父母对其睡眠问题的描述，以确定疾病对睡眠模式的任何影响。残疾组中睡眠问题的患病率至少是发育正常儿童的四倍。自闭症患者的睡眠问题比其他疾病更为普遍。入睡困难和同床睡眠在自闭症儿童中更为常见，而睡眠维持问题在自闭症、唐氏综合征和家族性智力残疾中较为常见，白天小睡和白天过度嗜睡则是普拉德-威利综合征儿童的特征。本文根据具体疾病对这些发现进行了讨论，并探讨了睡眠问题对儿童及其家庭可能产生的影响。
