Albandar Jasim M
Department of Periodontology, Temple University School of Dentistry, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2005 Jul;49(3):517-32, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2005.03.003.
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders encompassing destructive and nondestructive diseases of the periodontal supporting tissues of teeth. Gingivitis is a nondestructive disease ubiquitous in populations of children and adults globally. Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by severe and rapid loss of periodontal attachment often commencing at or after the circumpubertal age and is more prevalent among Latin Americans and subjects of African descent, and least common among Caucasians. Chronic periodontitis is a common disease and may occur in most age groups, but is most prevalent among adults and seniors world-wide. Approximately 48% of United States adults have chronic periodontitis, and similar or higher rates have been reported in other populations. Moderate and advanced periodontitis is more prevalent among the older age groups, and rates of 70% or more have been reported in certain populations. Chronic and aggressive periodontitis are multifactorial diseases caused primarily by dental plaque microorganisms, and with important modifying effects from other local and systemic factors. The study of the significance of demographic, environmental, and biologic variables is important for risk assessment and the control of periodontal diseases.
牙周疾病是慢性炎症性疾病，包括牙齿牙周支持组织的破坏性和非破坏性疾病。牙龈炎是一种非破坏性疾病，在全球儿童和成人人群中普遍存在。侵袭性牙周炎的特征是牙周附着严重且快速丧失，通常始于青春期前后或青春期之后，在拉丁美洲人和非洲裔人群中更为普遍，在白种人中最不常见。慢性牙周炎是一种常见疾病，可能发生在大多数年龄组，但在全球成年人和老年人中最为普遍。约48%的美国成年人患有慢性牙周炎，其他人群中也报告了类似或更高的发病率。中度和重度牙周炎在老年人群中更为普遍，某些人群中报告的发病率高达70%或更高。慢性和侵袭性牙周炎是主要由牙菌斑微生物引起的多因素疾病，其他局部和全身因素也有重要的调节作用。研究人口统计学、环境和生物学变量的意义对于牙周疾病的风险评估和控制很重要。
