French G L
Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005 Jul 29;57(10):1514-27. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2005.04.005.
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and multiple resistance have resulted in increasing difficulties in the treatment of bacterial infections. Resistance leads to inappropriate empirical therapy, delay in starting effective treatment, and the use of less effective, more toxic, and more expensive drugs. Although studies are not always consistent, antimicrobial resistance in the infecting organisms is associated with treatment failure, prolonged or additional hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Additional costs and lost bed days are incurred by the need to control the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms within hospitals. All this has significant direct impact on patients and their families and also secondary effects on the cost effectiveness of healthcare delivery. There is an urgent need to control antimicrobial resistance by improved antibiotic usage and reduction of hospital cross-infection.
日益增加的抗菌药物耐药性和多重耐药性导致细菌感染的治疗难度不断加大。耐药性会导致经验性治疗不当、开始有效治疗的延迟以及使用疗效较差、毒性更大且更昂贵的药物。尽管各项研究结果并不总是一致，但感染病原体中的抗菌药物耐药性与治疗失败、延长住院时间或再次住院、护理成本增加以及死亡率上升有关。为控制医院内抗菌药物耐药菌的传播，还会产生额外的成本和床位损失。所有这些都对患者及其家庭产生重大直接影响，同时也对医疗服务的成本效益产生间接影响。迫切需要通过改善抗生素使用和减少医院交叉感染来控制抗菌药物耐药性。
