Baskett Thomas F
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, 5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada B3K 6R8.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2005 Jun;19(3):295-305. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.11.007. Epub 2004 Dec 30.
Hysterectomy was mentioned in Greek manuscripts 2000 years ago, but there is no proof that it was performed. Early--usually fatal--attempts at vaginal hysterectomy are recorded from the 16th century. The origins of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy are traced from the 19th century after the pioneering work of Langenbeck and Clay. Advances in anaesthesia, blood transfusion, antibiotics and surgical technique led to hysterectomy becoming the second most common operation in women. In the first part of the 20th century subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was standard, but by the 1950s this was replaced by total abdominal hysterectomy. There has been a recent, albeit minor, resurgence of interest in subtotal hysterectomy. The development of laparoscopic assisted hysterectomy in the 1990s has, ironically, led to the re-emergence of standard vaginal hysterectomy as the method of choice for most cases of benign gynaecological disease requiring hysterectomy. At the start of the 21st century there are signs that alternatives to hysterectomy-such as hysteroscopic surgery, uterine fibroid embolization, and the levonorgestrel intrauterine device-are leading to a reduction in hysterectomy rates.
子宫切除术在2000年前的希腊手稿中就有提及，但并无证据表明当时已实施该手术。16世纪有早期（通常是致命的）经阴道子宫切除术的尝试记录。经阴道和经腹子宫切除术的起源可追溯到19世纪，此前有朗根贝克和克莱的开创性工作。麻醉、输血、抗生素及手术技术的进步使子宫切除术成为女性第二常见的手术。在20世纪上半叶，经腹次全子宫切除术是标准术式，但到20世纪50年代，这被经腹全子宫切除术所取代。最近，尽管程度较轻，但对次全子宫切除术的兴趣有所复苏。具有讽刺意味的是，20世纪90年代腹腔镜辅助子宫切除术的发展，使标准经阴道子宫切除术再次成为大多数需要子宫切除术的良性妇科疾病病例的首选方法。在21世纪初，有迹象表明子宫切除术的替代方法，如宫腔镜手术、子宫肌瘤栓塞术和左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器，正导致子宫切除率下降。
