Fiddick Laurence, Spampinato Maria Vittoria, Grafman Jordan
Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892-1440, USA.
Neuroimage. 2005 Dec;28(4):778-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.033. Epub 2005 Jul 1.
We conducted an event-related, functional MRI investigation of 12 male's and 12 female's reasoning about conditional deontic rules, rules regulating people's behavior. We employed two different types of rules: social contracts and nonsocial, precautionary rules. Although the rules and the demands of the task were matched in terms of their logical structure, reasoning about social contracts and precautions activated a different constellation of neurological structures. The regions differentially activated by social contracts included dorsomedial PFC (BA 6/8), bilateral ventrolateral PFC (BA 47), the left angular gyrus (BA 39), and left orbitofrontal cortex (BA 10). The regions differentially activated by precautions included bilateral insula, the left lentiform nucleus, posterior cingulate (BA 29/31), anterior cingulate (BA 24) and right postcentral gyrus (BA 3). Collectively, reasoning about prescriptive rules activated the dorsomedial PFC (BA 6/8). The results reinforce the view that human reasoning is not a unified phenomenon, but is content-sensitive.
我们对12名男性和12名女性关于条件性道义规则(即调节人们行为的规则)的推理进行了一项与事件相关的功能性磁共振成像研究。我们采用了两种不同类型的规则:社会契约和非社会的预防规则。尽管这些规则和任务要求在逻辑结构上是匹配的,但对社会契约和预防措施的推理激活了不同的神经结构组合。社会契约差异激活的区域包括背内侧前额叶皮质(BA 6/8)、双侧腹外侧前额叶皮质(BA 47)、左侧角回(BA 39)和左侧眶额皮质(BA 10)。预防措施差异激活的区域包括双侧脑岛、左侧豆状核、后扣带回(BA 29/31)、前扣带回(BA 24)和右侧中央后回(BA 3)。总体而言,对规范性规则的推理激活了背内侧前额叶皮质(BA 6/8)。这些结果强化了这样一种观点,即人类推理不是一种统一的现象,而是对内容敏感的。