Kim T U, Amy G, Drewes J E
University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr., ECOT 441, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
Water Sci Technol. 2005;51(6-7):335-44.
High-pressure membranes, encompassing reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and low-pressure RO, may provide an effective treatment barrier for trace organic compounds including disinfection by-products (DBPs), pesticides, solvents, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). The objective is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the rejection of trace organic compounds by high-pressure membranes, based on an integrated framework of compound properties, membrane properties, and operational conditions. Eight trace organic compounds, four DBPs and four chlorinated (halogenated) solvents, are being emphasized during an initial study, based on considerations of compound properties, occurrence, and health effects (regulations). Four polyamide FilmTec membranes; three reverse osmosis/RO (BW-400, LE-440, XLE-440) and one nanofiltration/NF (NF-90); are being characterized according to pure water permeability (PWP), molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), hydrophobicity (contact angle), and surface charge (zeta potential). It is noteworthy that rejections of compounds of intermediate hydrophobicity by the candidate membranes were observed to be less than salt rejections reported for these membranes, suggesting that transport of these solutes through these membranes is facilitated by solute-membrane interactions. We are continuing with diffusion cell measurements to describe solute-membrane interactions by estimation of diffusion coefficients through membranes pores, either hindered or facilitated.
高压膜，包括反渗透（RO）、纳滤（NF）和低压RO，可为包括消毒副产物（DBP）、农药、溶剂、内分泌干扰化合物（EDC）和药物活性化合物（PhAC）在内的痕量有机化合物提供有效的处理屏障。目标是基于化合物性质、膜性质和操作条件的综合框架，建立对高压膜截留痕量有机化合物的机理理解。在初步研究中，基于对化合物性质、出现情况和健康影响（法规）的考虑，重点研究了八种痕量有机化合物，四种消毒副产物和四种氯化（卤化）溶剂。四种聚酰胺FilmTec膜；三种反渗透/RO（BW-400、LE-440、XLE-440）和一种纳滤/NF（NF-90）；正在根据纯水渗透率（PWP）、截留分子量（MWCO）、疏水性（接触角）和表面电荷（zeta电位）进行表征。值得注意的是，观察到候选膜对中等疏水性化合物的截留率低于这些膜报道的盐截留率，这表明这些溶质与膜之间的相互作用促进了这些溶质通过这些膜的传输。我们正在继续进行扩散池测量，以通过估计溶质通过膜孔的扩散系数（受阻或促进）来描述溶质与膜之间的相互作用。
