Calabrese Edward J, Cook Ralph R
Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 May;24(5):265-70. doi: 10.1191/0960327105ht523oa.
If the hormetic dose-response were accepted as the default dose-response model for risk assessment, it could have important implications for environmental exposure standards for noncarcinogens and especially for carcinogens. Most notably it would lead to the recognition that carcinogens act via a threshold process rejecting the concept of linearity at low doses. The hormetic concept also provides agencies with a broader range of toxicologically based exposure options, which permit a consideration for avoiding harm, as well as possibly enhancing benefits for both normal and high-risk segments of the population. By dismissing hormesis, regulatory agencies such as EPA deny the public the opportunity for optimal health and avoidance of disease.
如果将兴奋效应剂量反应关系作为风险评估的默认剂量反应模型，那么它可能会对非致癌物尤其是致癌物的环境暴露标准产生重要影响。最值得注意的是，这将导致人们认识到致癌物通过阈值过程起作用，从而摒弃低剂量下的线性概念。兴奋效应概念还为相关机构提供了更广泛的基于毒理学的暴露选择，这既考虑到避免危害，也有可能为普通人群和高危人群增加益处。通过忽视兴奋效应，像美国环境保护局这样的监管机构剥夺了公众获得最佳健康和预防疾病的机会。
