Nuss K, Paulus N
Department of Food Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet J. 2006 Sep;172(2):284-92. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.04.031. Epub 2005 Jul 7.
The aim of this study was to compare measurements of the medial and lateral claws of the hind feet in cattle, and to establish reference values to aid in functional claw trimming. Variables of the medial and lateral claws of 40 hind feet obtained from 40 slaughtered German Simmental cows were measured. To standardise the observations the soles of both the medial and lateral claws were first trimmed to a defined thickness of 5mm at the apex and 8mm at the heel, before measurements were taken. After this standardisation, the mean lengths of the dorsal walls of the two claws were not significantly different (means, lateral 76.8, medial 77.1 mm). However, there were considerable other differences. For example, the soles of the lateral claws were significantly (P < 0.01) longer (means, 120.1mm versus 112.7 mm, and wider (means, 52.0 mm versus 42.5 mm). In 36/40 feet, the sole of the lateral claw protruded approximately 2-3mm above the sole of the medial claw after the standardisation. The soles of the lateral claws were therefore then trimmed to the height of the medial claw ("levelling") and the measurements were repeated in the lateral claws. The dorsal wall of the lateral claw was then significantly shorter than that of the medial claw (means, 74.8 mm versus 77.1 mm) and, most importantly from a functional point of view, the sole was significantly thinner than that of the medial claw (means, 2.71 mm versus 5mm at the toe tip, 4.9mm versus 8 mm at the heel). Finally, the horn capsule of all claws was removed and various measurements of the corium surface were made. The length of the dorsal corium surface did not differ statistically (P > 0.05) between the lateral (mean, 62.6 mm) and medial (mean, 62.5 mm) claws. Strict adherence to the principles of functional trimming thus reduces the thickness of the sole, the length of the dorsal wall and the length and height of the bulb of the lateral claw. This suggests that the sole of the medial claw should be left an extra 3 mm thicker than previously recommended such that, after "levelling", the sole of the lateral claw remains thick enough to protect fully the corium and the claw retains a more normal shape.
本研究的目的是比较牛后蹄内侧和外侧蹄爪的测量数据，并建立参考值以辅助进行功能性蹄爪修剪。对从40头屠宰的德国西门塔尔母牛获取的40只后蹄的内侧和外侧蹄爪变量进行了测量。为使观察标准化，在进行测量之前，先将内侧和外侧蹄爪的底面在尖端修剪至5毫米的规定厚度，在足跟处修剪至8毫米的规定厚度。标准化之后，两个蹄爪背壁的平均长度无显著差异（平均值，外侧76.8毫米，内侧77.1毫米）。然而，还存在其他相当大的差异。例如，外侧蹄爪的底面明显更长（平均值，120.1毫米对112.7毫米）且更宽（平均值，52.0毫米对42.5毫米）（P < 0.01）。在40只蹄子中的36只中，标准化后外侧蹄爪的底面比内侧蹄爪的底面高出约2 - 3毫米。因此，将外侧蹄爪的底面修剪至与内侧蹄爪相同的高度（“平整”），并对外侧蹄爪重复进行测量。此时，外侧蹄爪的背壁明显短于内侧蹄爪（平均值，74.8毫米对77.1毫米），并且从功能角度来看最重要的是，其底面明显薄于内侧蹄爪（平均值，趾尖处2.71毫米对5毫米，足跟处4.9毫米对8毫米）。最后，去除所有蹄爪的角质壳，并对真皮表面进行各种测量。外侧（平均值，62.6毫米）和内侧（平均值，62.5毫米）蹄爪的背侧真皮表面长度在统计学上无差异（P > 0.05）。因此，严格遵循功能性修剪原则可减少外侧蹄爪底面的厚度、背壁的长度以及球部的长度和高度。这表明内侧蹄爪的底面应比先前建议的厚额外3毫米，以便在“平整”后，外侧蹄爪的底面仍保持足够的厚度以充分保护真皮，并且蹄爪保持更正常的形状。
