Leenaars Antoon A
Department of Public Health Services, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Arch Suicide Res. 2004;8(1):1-7. doi: 10.1080/13811110490243778.
In the last few centuries, science has become arithmetic, tabular, taxonomic, to explain living creatures, chemical elements and even diseases of the mind. Emile Durkheim attempted to do the same with his enduring volume, Suicide: A Study of Sociology, first published in 1897. Durkheim showed that suicide could be divided into an order: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic-here, we focus on the question, who is the altruistic suicide? Durkheim's additional question is raised: When is a motive praiseworthy and when not-when to be called altruistic or heroic, and when terrorist? Further study is warranted-and thus, this opening editorial to an array of studies on the topic, from antiquity to the Christian martyrs into this century, to the act of Sati in India, to the suicide bomber in the Moslem world.
在过去几个世纪里，科学变得数字化、表格化、分类化，用于解释生物、化学元素乃至精神疾病。埃米尔·涂尔干在其1897年首次出版的不朽著作《自杀论：社会学研究》中也试图做同样的事情。涂尔干表明，自杀可以分为几种类型：利己型、利他型、失范型和宿命型——在此，我们关注的问题是，谁是利他型自杀者？涂尔干还提出了一个额外的问题：一种动机何时值得赞扬，何时不值得——何时被称为利他或英勇，何时又被称为恐怖主义？这需要进一步研究——因此，这篇开篇社论引出了一系列关于该主题的研究，从古至今，从基督教殉道者到本世纪，从印度的殉夫自焚行为到穆斯林世界的自杀式炸弹袭击者。
