Foissner Wilhelm, Xu Kuidong, Kreutz Martin
Universität Salzburg, FB Organismische Biologie, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;52(4):360-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00049.x.
We studied the morphology of three rare haptorid ciliates, using live observation and silver impregnation: Apertospathula verruculifera n. sp., Longispatha elegans n. gen., n. sp., and Rhinothrix porculus (Penard, 1922) n. gen., n. comb. Simple ethanol fixation (50-70%, v/v) is recommended to reveal the ciliary pattern of "difficult" ciliates, such as R. porculus, by protargol impregnation. The three genera investigated have a distinct feature in common, viz., a lasso-shaped oral bulge and circumoral kinety, where the right half is slightly to distinctly longer than the left and the circumoral kinety is open ventrally. Thus, they are united in a new spathidiid family, the Apertospathulidae n. fam., which probably evolved from a Bryophyllum-like ancestor by partial reduction of the oral bulge and circumoral kinety. Apertospathula verruculifera has a wart-like process, the palpus dorsalis, at the anterior end of the dorsal brush. The right branch of the circumoral kinety is only slightly longer than the left one. Longispatha elegans has a straight oral bulge and circumoral kinety, the right branch of which extends to the posterior end of the body while the left branch ends in the anterior third of the body. Rhinothrix porculus, a curious ciliate with a snout-like dorsal elongation of the oral bulge, the palpus oralis, has a highly characteristic ciliary pattern: the oral pattern is as in Longispatha, but the bulge and circumoral kinety extend spirally to the posterior end of the body while the somatic kineties course meridionally. This is achieved by inserting some shortened kineties in the curves of the oral bulge.
疣突孔吸管虫（Apertospathula verruculifera）新种、秀丽长柄吸管虫（Longispatha elegans）新属、新种，以及猪鼻吸管虫（Rhinothrix porculus）（佩纳德，1922年）新属、新组合。推荐使用简单的乙醇固定法（50 - 70%，v/v），通过原银浸染来揭示“难处理”的纤毛虫（如猪鼻吸管虫）的纤毛模式。所研究的这三个属有一个共同的明显特征，即呈套索状的口突和围口动纤毛列，其中右半部分略长于或明显长于左半部分，且围口动纤毛列在腹侧开口。因此，它们被归入一个新的鳞壳吸管科（Apertospathulidae）新科，该科可能由类似落地生根属的祖先通过口突和围口动纤毛列的部分退化进化而来。疣突孔吸管虫在背刷前端有一个疣状突起，即背触须。围口动纤毛列的右支仅比左支略长。秀丽长柄吸管虫有一个直的口突和围口动纤毛列，其右支延伸至身体后端，而左支在身体前三分之一处结束。猪鼻吸管虫是一种奇特的纤毛虫，口突有一个像口鼻一样的背侧延伸部分，即口触须，具有高度特征性的纤毛模式：口部模式与长柄吸管虫相同，但口突和围口动纤毛列螺旋状延伸至身体后端，而体动纤毛列沿子午线排列。这是通过在口突曲线中插入一些缩短的动纤毛列来实现的。
