Raote G J, Bhave S Y
Institute of Child Health, J.J. Hospital, Bombay.
Indian Pediatr. 1992 Jan;29(1):45-8.
The clinical profile of 150 hospital based cases (6 months-7 yrs) of measles presenting between May 1986 to May 1987 was analyzed. Nearly a quarter (28%) were less than 1 yr; 60% belonged to 1-3 yrs age group, 8.6% were 3-5 yrs old and 2.6% were in the 5-7 yrs age group. The male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Nearly half (53.3%) were well nourished, 36.6% had Grades I-II PEM and 9.9% had Grades III-IV PEM. About half (47%) showed no complications; 53% had some complications of which 15% had more than one system involvement. Respiratory complications were seen in 50%, nutritional deterioration in 17.3%, gastrointestinal and neurological in 14.6% each and cardiac in 1.3%. The respiratory complications included pneumonia (16%), bronchitis (12.6%), activation of TB (10.66%), otitis (7.3%) and miliary tuberculosis (4%). CNS complications were encephalitis in 8%, meningitis in 3.3%, convulsions -2.6% and limb paresis in 0.6%. Children below 1 yr had a greater incidence of complications and multisystem involvement. Children between 3-5 yrs had respiratory and GI system involvement and children greater than 5 yrs showed respiratory system involvement only. No complications were seen in the well nourished group while early grades of PEM had mild complications. Severe degree of malnutrition had higher incidence and severity of complications. The need for large coverage of measles vaccine in our country especially amongst the malnourished group is obvious.
对1986年5月至1987年5月期间收治的150例（6个月至7岁）麻疹住院病例的临床资料进行了分析。近四分之一（28%）的患儿年龄小于1岁；60%属于1至3岁年龄组，8.6%为3至5岁，2.6%为5至7岁。男女比例为1.2:1。近一半（53.3%）营养状况良好，36.6%患有I-II级蛋白质-能量营养不良（PEM），9.9%患有III-IV级PEM。约一半（47%）未出现并发症；53%有一些并发症，其中15%涉及多个系统。50%出现呼吸道并发症，17.3%出现营养状况恶化，胃肠道和神经系统并发症各占14.6%，心脏并发症占1.3%。呼吸道并发症包括肺炎（16%）、支气管炎（12.6%）、结核病激活（10.66%）、中耳炎（7.3%）和粟粒性结核病（4%）。中枢神经系统并发症包括脑炎8%、脑膜炎3.3%、惊厥2.6%和肢体麻痹0.6%。1岁以下儿童并发症和多系统受累的发生率更高。3至5岁儿童出现呼吸道和胃肠道系统受累，5岁以上儿童仅出现呼吸系统受累。营养状况良好的组未出现并发症，而早期PEM患儿有轻度并发症。重度营养不良并发症的发生率和严重程度更高。在我国，尤其是在营养不良人群中广泛接种麻疹疫苗的必要性显而易见。
