Arya L S, Taana I, Tahiri C, Saidali A, Singh M
J Trop Med Hyg. 1987 Jun;90(3):117-22.
Seven hundred and eight-four patients with measles admitted to the Institute of Child Health, Kabul (Afghanistan) between April 1980 and March 1982 were studied. Almost three-quarters (73.6%) of children (4 months to 12 years) with measles were below the age of 3 years. The maximum number of cases occurred in the 1 to 2 years age group (43.1%). Eighty-nine patients (11.3%) contracted the disease before 1 year of age whereas only 13 infants had developed measles before the age of 7 months. Measles occurred throughout the year and there was no significant seasonal variation. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest complication (85.4%) followed by enteritis (30.2%) and laryngotracheobronchitis (22%). The overall mortality was 10.8%. Respiratory complications including bronchopneumonia and laryngotracheobronchitis were the commonest causes of death followed by encephalitis and gastroenteritis. However, the case fatality rate was highest among patients who suffered from encephalitis and laryngotracheobronchitis. In our study, there was no significant difference in the incidence of mortality between well-nourished and moderately undernourished children. It is recommended that in developing countries measles vaccination should be given around 8-9 months of age and must be completed before the age of 1 year.
对1980年4月至1982年3月间收治于喀布尔（阿富汗）儿童健康研究所的784例麻疹患者进行了研究。麻疹患儿（4个月至12岁）中近四分之三（73.6%）年龄在3岁以下。病例数最多的年龄组为1至2岁（43.1%）。89例患者（11.3%）在1岁前感染该病，而只有13名婴儿在7个月前患过麻疹。麻疹全年均有发生，无明显季节性变化。支气管肺炎是最常见的并发症（85.4%），其次是肠炎（30.2%）和喉气管支气管炎（22%）。总死亡率为10.8%。包括支气管肺炎和喉气管支气管炎在内的呼吸道并发症是最常见的死亡原因，其次是脑炎和肠胃炎。然而，脑炎和喉气管支气管炎患者的病死率最高。在我们的研究中，营养良好和中度营养不良儿童的死亡率发生率无显著差异。建议在发展中国家，麻疹疫苗应在8至9个月龄左右接种，且必须在1岁前完成。
