Sørensen Thomas Sangild, Beerbaum Philipp, Körperich Hermann, Pedersen Erik Morre
Center for Advanced Visualization and Interaction(CAVI), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2005 Apr-Jun;21(2-3):283-92. doi: 10.1007/s10554-004-4018-x.
Current standards in magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease are based mostly on anisotropic protocols to image both morphology and function. Operator-dependent acquisition planning is typically needed to obtain the desired images. We propose to instead use operator-independent, three-dimensional, isotropic imaging protocols to acquire both morphology and function (cine and flow) of the entire heart in a few standardized acquisitions. Subsequently, due to the isotropic property of the data, any desired imaging plane can be "imaged" offline by interactive planar reformatting and used for qualitative and quantitative diagnostic evaluation.
Morphological data was acquired in patients using 3D steady state free precession (SSFP) protocols, and functional data in volunteers using multislice 2D or 3D cine SSFP as well as 3D, three-component phase-contrast velocity mapping with EPI readouts. Tools to integrate morphological and functional offline image evaluation based on interactive planar reformatting, volume rendering, and corresponding quantification tools were implemented and discussed.
We successfully acquired and integrated morphology and flow and demonstrated potential clinical applications.
User independent acquisitions of morphological and functional isotropic 3D datasets with real-time, interactive planar reformatting, volume rendering, and integration of morphology and function, have the potential to replace conventional, user dependent, anisotropic 2D imaging in patients with cardiac malformations.
先天性心脏病磁共振成像的当前标准主要基于各向异性协议来成像形态和功能。通常需要依赖操作员的采集计划来获取所需图像。我们建议改为使用独立于操作员的三维各向同性成像协议，通过几次标准化采集来获取整个心脏的形态和功能（电影和血流）。随后，由于数据的各向同性，任何所需的成像平面都可以通过交互式平面重新格式化在离线状态下“成像”，并用于定性和定量诊断评估。
使用三维稳态自由进动（SSFP）协议在患者中采集形态学数据，在志愿者中使用多层二维或三维电影SSFP以及具有EPI读出的三维三分量相位对比速度映射来采集功能数据。实现并讨论了基于交互式平面重新格式化、容积渲染以及相应量化工具来整合形态学和功能离线图像评估的工具。
我们成功采集并整合了形态和血流，并展示了潜在的临床应用。
通过实时、交互式平面重新格式化、容积渲染以及形态和功能整合，独立于用户获取形态学和功能各向同性三维数据集，有可能取代心脏畸形患者中传统的、依赖用户的各向异性二维成像。
