Hanya Goro, Zamma Koichiro, Hayaishi Shuhei, Yoshihiro Shinichi, Tsuriya Yosuke, Sugaya Shuji, Kanaoka Masahiro M, Hayakawa Sachiko, Takahata Yukio
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
Am J Primatol. 2005 Jul;66(3):245-62. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20142.
We compared food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in Yakushima, southern Japan, among primary forest and two habitats that had been disturbed by logging and had different regeneration histories. The study was conducted in an undisturbed national park, forest that was logged 7-18 years ago and later naturally regenerated, and forest that was logged 19-27 years ago and later planted with Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. The plantation forest was primarily composed of large Cryptomeria japonica trees at low stand density, while the naturally regenerated forest was composed of many small trees. The total basal area and number of trees in the primary forest were comparable to those in the plantation forest. Annual fruit production was greatest in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and negligible in the plantation forest. Herb availability was high in the naturally regenerated forest, but low in the primary and plantation forests. The group density of Japanese macaques was high in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and low in the plantation forest. Since group size in the naturally regenerated forest was small, individual density was almost the same as in the primary forest. These results suggest that the effects of regeneration on macaques vary between the two habitats. The plantation forest consisted mostly of Cryptomeria japonica, which supplies only flowers as food in a limited season, and had a lower density of macaques. On the other hand, in the naturally regenerated forest, fruit production and herb availability were high (probably because of the enhanced light conditions after logging), and the density of macaques was as high as in the primary forest.
我们比较了日本南部屋久岛日本猕猴的食物可利用性和群体密度，研究区域包括原始森林以及两个因伐木而受到干扰且具有不同再生历史的栖息地。研究在一个未受干扰的国家公园、一片7 - 18年前被砍伐后自然再生的森林以及一片19 - 27年前被砍伐后种植了日本柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）的森林中进行。人工林主要由低密度的大型日本柳杉组成，而自然再生林则由许多小树组成。原始森林的总断面积和树木数量与人工林相当。年水果产量在自然再生林中最高，在原始森林中居中，在人工林中可忽略不计。草本植物可利用性在自然再生林中较高，但在原始森林和人工林中较低。日本猕猴的群体密度在自然再生林中较高，在原始森林中居中，在人工林中较低。由于自然再生林中群体规模较小，个体密度与原始森林几乎相同。这些结果表明，再生对猕猴的影响在这两个栖息地之间有所不同。人工林主要由日本柳杉组成，其仅在有限季节提供花作为食物，且猕猴密度较低。另一方面，在自然再生林中，水果产量和草本植物可利用性较高（可能是由于伐木后光照条件改善），猕猴密度与原始森林一样高。
