Rosenbaum B, O'Brien T G, Kinnaird M, Supriatna J
Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0334, USA.
Am J Primatol. 1998;44(2):89-106. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:2<89::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-S.
Population surveys of Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) were conducted on the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Bacan in 1992-1994 to assess the status of natural populations and determine habitat and anthropogenic factors affecting their population densities. We surveyed five sites for primates, including undisturbed and disturbed habitats. Data were collected on habitat structure and composition at two undisturbed and one disturbed forest site in which the primates were surveyed. The highest density of macaques was found in primary forest at Gunung Sibela Nature Reserve on Bacan (170.3 individuals/km2). Population density in logged forest on Bacan was high but significantly less than primary forest (133.4 individuals/km2). The high density of crested black macaques in primary forest on Bacan is best explained by the high carrying capacity found in primary forest. The lower food quantity and quality of food resources found in logged forest correlated with lower primate densities compared to primary forest. However, the large population of macaques in logged forest demonstrates the conservation value of such forest. Densities on Sulawesi at Tangkoko-Batuangas-DuaSudara Nature Reserve (TBDS) showed a continuing decline since earlier surveys. Primate densities were highest near the protected center of Tangkoko Reserve (66.7 individuals/km2). The peripheral areas of Batuangas and DuaSudara, even though adjacent and continuous, showed lower population densities of 46.4 and 23.5 individuals/km2, respectively. The best explanation for the continued decline of Macaca nigra populations at TBDS is hunting. Unless conservation measures are implemented immediately, M. nigra on Sulawesi risks extinction in the near future.
1992年至1994年，在印度尼西亚的苏拉威西岛和巴坎岛上对苏拉威西冠毛猕猴（Macaca nigra）进行了种群调查，以评估自然种群的状况，并确定影响其种群密度的栖息地和人为因素。我们调查了五个灵长类动物栖息地，包括未受干扰和受干扰的栖息地。在两个未受干扰和一个受干扰的森林栖息地收集了栖息地结构和组成的数据，同时对这些栖息地的灵长类动物进行了调查。在巴坎岛的西贝拉山自然保护区的原始森林中发现了最高密度的猕猴（170.3只/平方公里）。巴坎岛采伐森林中的种群密度较高，但明显低于原始森林（133.4只/平方公里）。巴坎岛原始森林中冠毛猕猴的高密度，最好的解释是原始森林具有较高的承载能力。与原始森林相比，采伐森林中食物资源的数量和质量较低，这与较低的灵长类动物密度相关。然而，采伐森林中大量的猕猴种群表明了这类森林的保护价值。自早期调查以来，苏拉威西岛唐科科-巴图昂加斯-杜阿斯达拉自然保护区（TBDS）的猕猴密度持续下降。灵长类动物密度在唐科科保护区受保护的中心附近最高（66.7只/平方公里）。巴图昂加斯和杜阿斯达拉的周边地区，尽管相邻且相连，但种群密度较低，分别为46.4只/平方公里和23.5只/平方公里。TBDS地区黑冠猕猴种群持续下降的最佳解释是捕猎。除非立即实施保护措施，否则苏拉威西岛的黑冠猕猴在不久的将来有灭绝的风险。
