Evans Cathryn E Y, Bowman Caroline H, Turnbull Oliver H
School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Wales.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005 Aug;27(6):656-64. doi: 10.1081/13803390490918354.
The key role of emotion in complex decision-making is commonly assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task, and has recently been a substantial research topic in neuropsychology. However, the question of subjective experience on such emotion-based learning measures has yet to be fully investigated, largely because previous studies have focussed primarily on behavioral performance measures. The present study investigated subjective experience on the Gambling Task, using a more systematic and quantitative method than that previously employed: evaluating the ability of participants to 'interrogate' emotion-based learning systems. The study also investigated subjective experience in a population (people with schizophrenia) in whom the question of emotional awareness is of special interest. People with schizophrenia showed learning on the Gambling Task at levels entirely comparable with that of controls. Both groups of participants also showed substantial, and rapidly developing, awareness of which decks were 'good' and 'bad'. Importantly, greater awareness was a significant correlate of good performance on the Gambling Task, for both groups, suggesting that there may be greater conscious awareness of emotion-related information in complex decision-making than had previously been appreciated.
情绪在复杂决策中的关键作用通常通过爱荷华赌博任务来评估，并且最近已成为神经心理学中的一个重要研究课题。然而，基于此类情绪学习测量的主观体验问题尚未得到充分研究，主要是因为先前的研究主要集中在行为表现测量上。本研究采用了一种比以往更系统、更定量的方法来调查赌博任务中的主观体验：评估参与者“询问”基于情绪的学习系统的能力。该研究还调查了一个人群（精神分裂症患者）的主观体验，在这个人群中，情绪意识问题特别受关注。精神分裂症患者在赌博任务中的学习水平与对照组完全相当。两组参与者也都表现出对哪些牌组是“好”和“坏”的大量且迅速发展的认知。重要的是，对于两组而言，更高的认知与在赌博任务中的良好表现显著相关，这表明在复杂决策中，可能比之前所认识到的存在对与情绪相关信息的更高的意识。
