Agarwal Swati, Raman Rajiv, Paul Pradeep G, Rani Padmaja Kumari, Uthra Satagopan, Gayathree Raman, McCarty Cathy, Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy, Sharma Tarun
Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005 Apr;12(2):143-53. doi: 10.1080/09286580590932734.
To describe the methodology of the Sankara Nethralaya-Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS 1), an ongoing population-based study to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in urban Chennai, Tamil Nadu, South India, and also to elucidate the clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy.
In this ongoing study, we anticipate recruiting a total of 5830 participants. Eligible patients, over the age of 40 years, are enumerated using the multistage random sampling method. Demographic data, socioeconomic status, physical activity, risk of sleep apnea, dietary habits, and anthropometric measurements are collected. A detailed medical and ocular history and a comprehensive eye examination, including stereo fundus photographs, are taken at the base hospital. Biochemical investigations (total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, serum triglycerides, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c) and genetic studies of eligible subjects are conducted. A computerized database is created for the records.
The study is expected to result in an estimate of the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and a better understanding of biochemical and genetic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in an urban South Indian population. Worldwide, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, in particular type II diabetes, is rising at an alarming rate. The World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) have predicted that the number of cases of adult-onset diabetes would more than double by 2030 from the present level of 171 million to 366 million-an increase of 214%.1 In developed countries, this increase in diabetic population would be around 42% and in developing countries, particularly in India, it is even higher; i.e. 150%.1 In India, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the urban population is around 12.1%, as reported by the national urban diabetes study2 conducted in six major cities. Studies have shown the prevalence of diabetes to be higher among the high-income groups (25.5%) as compared to low-income groups (12.6%).3,4,5 The assessment of socioeconomic status was based on income,6, 7 education,2, 7 occupation2 or caste6-which are not representative of the actual socioeconomic status. In the present study, however, the sample was stratified on socioeconomic scoring. This scoring was calculated on the basis of several parameters such as the residence being rented or owned, the number of rooms in the house, the highest educational status, the highest salary, the highest occupation, material possessions (cycle, TV, audio, car, etc.) and house/land value. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of comprehensive socioeconomic scoring has not been done before for prevalence studies on diabetic retinopathy in the general population.
描述桑卡拉奈特拉亚糖尿病视网膜病变流行病学与分子遗传学研究（SN - DREAMS 1）的方法，这是一项正在进行的基于人群的研究，旨在估计印度南部泰米尔纳德邦金奈市糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率，并阐明与糖尿病视网膜病变相关的临床、人体测量、生化和遗传风险因素。
在这项正在进行的研究中，我们预计共招募5830名参与者。采用多阶段随机抽样方法对40岁以上的符合条件的患者进行计数。收集人口统计学数据、社会经济状况、身体活动、睡眠呼吸暂停风险、饮食习惯和人体测量数据。在基层医院进行详细的医学和眼部病史采集以及全面的眼科检查，包括立体眼底照片。对符合条件的受试者进行生化检查（总血清胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、血清甘油三酯、血红蛋白、糖化血红蛋白HbA1c）和基因研究。为记录创建一个计算机化数据库。
该研究预计将得出糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率估计值，并更好地了解印度南部城市人群中与糖尿病视网膜病变相关的生化和遗传风险因素。在全球范围内，糖尿病，尤其是2型糖尿病的患病率正以惊人的速度上升。世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）预测，到2030年，成人发病型糖尿病的病例数将比目前的1.71亿增加一倍多，达到3.66亿，增长214%。1在发达国家，糖尿病患者人数的增长约为42%，而在发展中国家，尤其是印度，增长更高，即150%。1根据在六个主要城市进行的全国城市糖尿病研究2报告，印度城市人口中糖尿病的患病率约为12.1%。研究表明，高收入群体（25.5%）中的糖尿病患病率高于低收入群体（12.6%）。3、4、5社会经济状况的评估基于收入、6、7教育程度、2、7职业2或种姓6 - 这些并不代表实际的社会经济状况。然而，在本研究中，样本是根据社会经济评分进行分层的。该评分是根据几个参数计算得出的，如居住房屋是租赁还是自有、房屋房间数量、最高教育程度、最高薪资、最高职业、物质财富（自行车、电视、音响、汽车等）以及房屋/土地价值。据我们所知，在一般人群中进行糖尿病视网膜病变患病率研究时，此前尚未进行过这种全面的社会经济评分。
