Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2024 May 31;19(5):e0303388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303388. eCollection 2024.
The increased prevalence of visual impairment among diabetes patients has become a major global public health problem. Although numerous primary studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among diabetes patients in Ethiopia, these studies presented inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of visual impairment and identify associated factors among diabetes patients.
An extensive search of literature was done on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Sciences databases. A manual search of the reference lists of included studies was performed. A weighted inverse-variance random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of visual impairment.
A total of 34 eligible primary studies with a sample size of 11,884 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of visual impairment was 21.73% (95% CI: 18.15, 25.30; I2 = 96.47%; P<0.001). Diabetes mellitus with a duration of diagnosis ≥10 years [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.49], presence of co-morbid hypertension [AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.93, 5.50], poor glycemic control [AOR = 4.30, 95% CI: 3.04, 6.06], age ≥56 years [AOR = 4.13, 95% CI: 2.27, 7.52], family history of diabetes mellitus [AOR = 4.18 (95% CI: 2.61, 6.69], obesity [AOR = 4.77, 95% CI: 3.00, 7.59], poor physical activity [AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.46], presence of visual symptoms [AOR = 4.28, 95% CI: 2.73, 6.69] and no history of eye exam [AOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.47, 3.57] were significantly associated with visual impairment.
The pooled prevalence of visual impairment was high in Ethiopia. Diabetes mellitus with a duration of diagnosis ≥10 years, presence of co-morbid hypertension, poor glycemic control, age ≥56 years, and family history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, poor physical activity, presence of visual symptoms, and no history of eye exam were independent predictors. Therefore, diabetic patients with these identified risks should be screened, and managed early to reduce the occurrence of visual impairment related to diabetes. Moreover, public health policy with educational programs and regular promotion of sight screening for all diabetes patients are needed.
糖尿病患者的视力障碍患病率增加已成为一个重大的全球公共卫生问题。尽管已经有许多初级研究致力于确定埃塞俄比亚糖尿病患者视力障碍的患病率及其相关因素，但这些研究的结果并不一致。因此，本综述旨在确定糖尿病患者视力障碍的总体患病率，并确定其相关因素。
在 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Web of Sciences 数据库中进行了广泛的文献搜索。对纳入研究的参考文献进行了手动搜索。使用加权逆方差随机效应模型计算视力障碍的总体患病率。
最终的荟萃分析共纳入了 34 项符合条件的初级研究，涉及 11884 名参与者。视力障碍的总体患病率为 21.73%（95%CI：18.15，25.30；I2=96.47%；P<0.001）。糖尿病病程≥10 年（AOR=3.18，95%CI：1.85，5.49）、合并高血压（AOR=3.26，95%CI：1.93，5.50）、血糖控制不佳（AOR=4.30，95%CI：3.04，6.06）、年龄≥56 岁（AOR=4.13，95%CI：2.27，7.52）、糖尿病家族史（AOR=4.18（95%CI：2.61，6.69）、肥胖（AOR=4.77，95%CI：3.00，7.59）、身体活动差（AOR=2.46，95%CI：1.75，3.46）、存在视觉症状（AOR=4.28，95%CI：2.73，6.69）和没有眼部检查史（AOR=2.30，95%CI：1.47，3.57）与视力障碍显著相关。
埃塞俄比亚视力障碍的总体患病率较高。糖尿病病程≥10 年、合并高血压、血糖控制不佳、年龄≥56 岁、糖尿病家族史、肥胖、身体活动差、存在视觉症状和没有眼部检查史是独立的预测因素。因此，应筛查有这些确定风险的糖尿病患者，并尽早进行管理，以降低与糖尿病相关的视力损害的发生。此外，需要制定公共卫生政策，开展教育项目，并定期为所有糖尿病患者推广视力筛查。
