Mukaratirwa S
Department of Paraclinical Studies, Pathology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare.
Vet Q. 2005 Jun;27(2):52-64. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2005.9695186.
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in dogs. The availability of multiple treatment modalities and novel therapeutic targets make the correct diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and the identification of treatment effect predictive factors an issue of major debate in cancer management. Selection of high and low risk patients and the type of systemic or local treatment is important in cancer management. The search for better prognostic markers and predictive factors is now focused on the molecular mechanisms which underlie tumour behaviour, such as altered cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The ultimate goal is to identify reliable markers that can accurately diagnose and stage a tumour and predict tumour's clinical behaviour, prognosis and response to therapy. In this review, the current state of prognostication in canine tumours and promising new molecular markers are discussed. The markers are allocated to four groups according to their function: (i) proliferation markers, (ii) apoptosis, (iii) extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules, (iv) angiogenesis and (v) cell cycle regulators. Clinicopathological factors and histopathological grading remain the most practical parameters in decision-making. Although experimental research has shown that molecular markers have a good potential to be used as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive markers in canine tumours, insufficient evidence exists on their efficacy for routine use in veterinary oncology.
癌症是犬类最常见的死亡原因之一。多种治疗方式和新型治疗靶点的出现，使得正确诊断、预后分层以及确定治疗效果预测因素成为癌症治疗中备受争议的问题。在癌症治疗中，选择高风险和低风险患者以及全身或局部治疗的类型至关重要。目前，对更好的预后标志物和预测因素的研究集中在肿瘤行为背后的分子机制上，如细胞周期进程改变、增殖、凋亡和血管生成。最终目标是确定可靠的标志物，能够准确诊断肿瘤、进行分期，并预测肿瘤的临床行为、预后及对治疗的反应。在本综述中，将讨论犬类肿瘤预后评估的现状以及有前景的新分子标志物。这些标志物根据其功能分为四组：（i）增殖标志物，（ii）凋亡标志物，（iii）细胞外基质和细胞黏附分子，（iv）血管生成标志物，（v）细胞周期调节因子。临床病理因素和组织病理学分级仍然是决策中最实用的参数。尽管实验研究表明分子标志物在犬类肿瘤中具有作为诊断、预后或预测标志物的良好潜力，但关于它们在兽医肿瘤学中常规使用的疗效，证据尚不充分。
