Münzbergová Zuzana, Herben Tomás
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic.
Oecologia. 2005 Aug;145(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0052-1. Epub 2005 Jul 19.
Recently, there is an increase in number of studies concerned with the effect of various types of limitations on species local population size and distribution pattern at the landscape scale. The terminology used to describe these limitations is, however, very inconsistent. Since the different terms often appear in conclusions of the papers, the inconsistency in their use obscures the message of these papers. In this study, we review the current uses of these terms, identify the basic concepts involved in the discussion of a limitation and link the concepts with the currently used terms. Finally, we discuss the experimental approaches used to assess the different types of limitations. We differentiated four basic concepts resulting from the combination of limitation by environment versus ability to grow and spread, and two spatial scales (local and regional scale). The two concepts at each spatial scale are expected to form a gradient of all possible combinations of the two respective types of limitations. In the considerations of various experimental approaches used to assess these limitations, we conclude that sowing experiments, i.e. seed addition into existing populations or seed introduction into unoccupied habitats, are the only reliable types of evidence for the different types of limitations.
最近，关注各种类型的限制因素对景观尺度上物种局部种群大小和分布格局影响的研究数量有所增加。然而，用于描述这些限制因素的术语非常不一致。由于这些不同的术语经常出现在论文的结论中，它们使用上的不一致掩盖了这些论文传达的信息。在本研究中，我们回顾了这些术语的当前用法，确定了在讨论限制因素时涉及的基本概念，并将这些概念与当前使用的术语联系起来。最后，我们讨论了用于评估不同类型限制因素的实验方法。我们区分了由环境限制与生长和扩散能力相结合以及两个空间尺度（局部和区域尺度）产生的四个基本概念。每个空间尺度上的两个概念预计会形成两种各自类型限制因素所有可能组合的梯度。在考虑用于评估这些限制因素的各种实验方法时，我们得出结论，播种实验，即将种子添加到现有种群中或引入未被占据的栖息地，是不同类型限制因素唯一可靠的证据类型。
