Ogunmodede Folashade, Jones Jeffery L, Scheftel Joni, Kirkland Elizabeth, Schulkin Jay, Lynfield Ruth
Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention and Control, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Mar;13(1):11-5. doi: 10.1080/02656730400025594.
Listeriosis is a food-borne disease often associated with ready-to-eat foods. It usually causes mild febrile gastrointestinal illness in immunocompetent persons. In pregnant women, it may cause more severe infection and often crosses the placenta to infect the fetus, resulting in miscarriage, fetal death or neonatal morbidity. Simple precautions during pregnancy can prevent listeriosis. However, many women are unaware of these precautions and listeriosis education is often omitted from prenatal care.
Volunteer pregnant women were recruited to complete a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of listeriosis and its prevention, in two separate studies. One study was a national survey of 403 women from throughout the USA, and the other survey was limited to 286 Minnesota residents.
In the multi-state survey, 74 of 403 respondents (18%) had some knowledge of listeriosis, compared with 43 of 286 (15%) respondents to the Minnesota survey. The majority of respondents reported hearing about listeriosis from a medical professional. In the multi-state survey, 33% of respondents knew listeriosis could be prevented by not eating delicatessen meats, compared with 17% in the Minnesota survey (p=0.01). Similarly, 31% of respondents to the multi-state survey compared with 19% of Minnesota survey respondents knew listeriosis could be prevented by avoiding unpasteurized dairy products (p=0.05). As for preventive behaviors, 18% of US and 23% of Minnesota respondents reported avoiding delicatessen meats and ready-to-eat foods during pregnancy, whereas 86% and 88%, respectively, avoided unpasteurized dairy products.
Most pregnant women have limited knowledge of listeriosis prevention. Even though most respondents avoided eating unpasteurized dairy products, they were unaware of the risk associated with ready-to-eat foods. Improved education of pregnant women regarding the risk and sources of listeriosis in pregnancy is needed.
李斯特菌病是一种食源性疾病，常与即食食品有关。在免疫功能正常的人群中，它通常会引发轻度发热性胃肠道疾病。在孕妇中，它可能导致更严重的感染，并且常常穿过胎盘感染胎儿，从而导致流产、胎儿死亡或新生儿发病。孕期采取简单的预防措施可预防李斯特菌病。然而，许多女性并不知晓这些预防措施，并且产前护理中常常忽略对李斯特菌病的教育。
在两项独立研究中，招募志愿孕妇填写问卷，以评估她们对李斯特菌病及其预防的了解情况。一项研究是对来自美国各地的403名女性进行的全国性调查，另一项调查仅限于286名明尼苏达州居民。
在多州调查中，403名受访者中有74人（18%）对李斯特菌病有一定了解，而明尼苏达州调查的286名受访者中有43人（15%）了解。大多数受访者表示是从医学专业人员那里听说李斯特菌病的。在多州调查中，33%的受访者知道不吃熟食肉类可预防李斯特菌病，而明尼苏达州调查中这一比例为17%（p = 0.01）。同样，多州调查的31%受访者与明尼苏达州调查的19%受访者知道避免食用未经巴氏杀菌的乳制品可预防李斯特菌病（p = 0.05）。至于预防行为，18%的美国受访者和23%的明尼苏达州受访者表示在孕期避免食用熟食肉类和即食食品，而分别有86%和88%的受访者避免食用未经巴氏杀菌的乳制品。
大多数孕妇对李斯特菌病预防的了解有限。尽管大多数受访者避免食用未经巴氏杀菌的乳制品，但她们并未意识到即食食品相关的风险。需要加强对孕妇关于孕期李斯特菌病风险及来源的教育。
