Ruiz-Pérez Manuel, Almeida Mauro, Dewi Sonya, Costa Eliza Mara Lozano, Pantoja Mariana Ciavatta, Puntodewo Atie, de Postigo Augusto Arruda, de Andrade Alexandre Goulart
Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
Ambio. 2005 May;34(3):218-23.
Extractive reserves constitute an innovative approach to match conservation and development objectives, which were originally envisaged as part of a land struggle by forest dwellers in Brazil. In spite of the idea's popularity and the attempts to apply the concept to different tropical regions, there has been little analysis of the combined conservation and development performance of extractive reserve programs. We present a detailed analysis of deforestation and demographic and socioeconomic changes in Alto Juruá, the first extractive reserve created in Brazil in 1990. Forest cover has remained fairly stable. Population has declined slightly, with some internal displacements. The cash economy base has shifted from the original rubber production to a diversified portfolio of agriculture and livestock, and there has been a dramatic rise in nonagrarian income. We conclude that the Reserve represents a very dynamic setting with positive conservation and development outcomes during its first decade.
提取式保护区是一种将保护与发展目标相匹配的创新方法，该方法最初是巴西森林居民土地斗争的一部分。尽管这一理念广受欢迎，且有人试图将其应用于不同的热带地区，但对于提取式保护区项目在保护与发展方面的综合表现，却鲜有分析。我们对1990年在巴西设立的首个提取式保护区上茹鲁阿的森林砍伐、人口以及社会经济变化进行了详细分析。森林覆盖率一直保持相当稳定。人口略有下降，出现了一些内部迁移。现金经济基础已从最初的橡胶生产转向农业和畜牧业的多元化组合，非农业收入也大幅增加。我们得出结论，在其成立的头十年里，该保护区呈现出非常活跃的态势，在保护和发展方面都取得了积极成果。
