Nazzi Thierry, Gopnik Alison, Karmiloff-Smith Annette
Laboratoire Cognition et Développement, CNRS, Paris, France.
J Child Lang. 2005 May;32(2):427-38. doi: 10.1017/s0305000904006737.
The present study investigates whether five-to-six-year-old children with Williams syndrome (N = 8) can form new object categories based on naming information alone, and compares them with five groups of typically developing children aged 2;0 to 6;0 (N = 34 children). Children were presented with triads of dissimilar objects; all objects in a triad were labelled, two of them with the same pseudoname. Name-based categorization was evaluated through object selection. Performance was above chance level for all groups. Performance reached a ceiling at about 4;0 for the typically developing children. For the children with Williams Syndrome, performance remained below chronological age level. The present results are discussed in light of previous findings of a failure to perform name-based categorization in younger children with Williams syndrome and the persistent asynchrony between cognitive and lexical development in this disorder.
本研究调查了患有威廉姆斯综合征的五到六岁儿童（N = 8）是否仅能基于命名信息形成新的物体类别，并将他们与五组年龄在2;0至6;0岁的发育正常儿童（N = 34名儿童）进行比较。向儿童呈现由不同物体组成的三元组；三元组中的所有物体都有标签，其中两个被赋予相同的伪名称。通过物体选择来评估基于名称的分类。所有组的表现均高于随机水平。发育正常儿童的表现大约在4;0岁时达到上限。对于患有威廉姆斯综合征的儿童，其表现仍低于实际年龄水平。根据先前关于患有威廉姆斯综合征的年幼儿童无法进行基于名称的分类以及该疾病中认知和词汇发展持续不同步的研究结果，对本研究结果进行了讨论。
