Rosenberg P H
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Aug;49(7):913-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00774.x.
The development and refinement of regional anaesthetic techniques for various types of surgery, mainly obstetric, ophthalmic and orthopaedic surgery, and of continuous regional analgesia continues. Suitable analgesic drug mixtures, and concentrations, will be further tested in order to find the ideal analgesic regimen for each type of surgery and for the individual patient. No new local anaesthetics or equipment for clinical use are expected in the near future. Improvement therefore depends much on how the anaesthesiologists use the present drugs, needles, nerve detection devices, catheters and pumps. During training in regional anaesthesia for the speciality of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, it may suffice to concentrate only on certain common techniques such as epidural block, spinal block, axillary brachial plexus block, intravenous regional anaesthesia and femoral nerve block. Rare regional anaesthetic blocks and invasive techniques should be mastered and taught by specially trained regional anaesthesiology experts. In chronic pain, regional anaesthetic blocks with local anesthetics are not expected to play any major therapeutic role. However, nerve blocks can be useful for diagnostic purposes and in order to facilitate rehabilitation in chronic pain syndromes.
用于各类手术（主要是产科、眼科和骨科手术）的区域麻醉技术以及持续区域镇痛技术仍在不断发展和完善。为了找到适用于每种手术类型及个体患者的理想镇痛方案，将进一步测试合适的镇痛药物组合及浓度。近期预计不会有新的临床使用局部麻醉药或设备。因此，改进很大程度上取决于麻醉医生如何使用现有的药物、针头、神经探测设备、导管和泵。在麻醉学与重症医学专业的区域麻醉培训中，可能只需专注于某些常见技术，如硬膜外阻滞、脊髓阻滞、腋路臂丛神经阻滞、静脉区域麻醉和股神经阻滞。罕见的区域麻醉阻滞和侵入性技术应由经过专门培训的区域麻醉学专家掌握并教授。在慢性疼痛方面，局部麻醉药进行的区域麻醉阻滞预计不会发挥任何主要治疗作用。然而，神经阻滞对于诊断目的以及促进慢性疼痛综合征的康复可能是有用的。
