Ortigues-Marty Isabelle, Micol Didier, Prache Sophie, Dozias Dominique, Girard Christiane L
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, INRA, Theix, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):453-67. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005038.
An important nutritional characteristic of ruminant meat is its high content in vitamin B12. The variability of these contents is not known. Three studies were been set up in order to test the influence of the animal species (2 studies on Charolais steers slaughtered at 30-32 months of age, n = 24 and n = 30 and a third one on lambs slaughtered at 4.5 months of age, n = 21), of the nature of the diet (grass vs. maize silage, lucerne or concentrate diets) and of physical activity (without or with walking) on the vitamin B12 contents of different muscle types (rather oxidative (Rectus Abdominis, RA), intermediate (Longissimus Dorsi, LD), or glycolytic (Semi Tendinosus, ST)) and on the liver. The animals were supplemented in macro and trace minerals according to usual feeding practices in France in order to theoretically avoid any risk of deficiency. For this reason, cobalt allowances, which are necessary for the ruminal synthesis of vitamin B12, could differ among treatments. The results indicate the following: (1) cobalt allowances varied widely among treatments, from (sub-)deficient to plethoric allowances, influencing vitamin B12 contents of the liver, and muscles (only in case of deficiency), (2) the effects of dietary treatments or of physical exercise were essentially related to differences in cobalt allowances, (3) the oxidative type muscle (RA) showed contents which were double those in glycolytic type muscle (RA 10.8 vs. ST 5.0 ng.g(-1)) and (4) vitamin B12 contents of raw muscles were lower than the values indicated in tables of feed composition for humans for cooked meat (0.5 to 1 vs. 2 to 3 microg.100 g(-1)).
反刍动物肉的一个重要营养特性是其维生素B12含量高。这些含量的变异性尚不清楚。开展了三项研究，以测试动物种类（两项研究针对30 - 32月龄屠宰的夏洛来阉牛，n = 24和n = 30，另一项针对4.5月龄屠宰的羔羊，n = 21）、日粮性质（青草与玉米青贮、苜蓿或精料日粮）以及身体活动（不运动或有行走）对不同肌肉类型（氧化型（腹直肌，RA）、中间型（背最长肌，LD）或糖酵解型（半腱肌，ST））和肝脏中维生素B12含量的影响。根据法国的常规饲养方式，给动物补充常量和微量矿物质，以便从理论上避免任何缺乏风险。因此，瘤胃合成维生素B12所需的钴供应量在不同处理之间可能有所不同。结果表明：（1）钴供应量在不同处理之间差异很大，从（亚）缺乏到过量供应，影响肝脏和肌肉中的维生素B12含量（仅在缺乏情况下），（2）日粮处理或体育锻炼的影响主要与钴供应量的差异有关，（3）氧化型肌肉（RA）的含量是糖酵解型肌肉（RA为10.8 vs. ST为5.0 ng.g(-1)）的两倍，（4）生肌肉中的维生素B12含量低于人类饲料成分表中熟肉所显示的值（0.5至1 vs. 2至3 microg.100 g(-1)）。
