Wall Susan M
Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2005 Sep;14(5):480-4. doi: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000168390.04520.06.
This review will summarize newly described novel functions of renal intercalated cells.
Over the past 20 years, the importance of intercalated cells in the process of renal net acid excretion has been recognized. More recently, many of the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cellular function have been described. Functionally, type A and type B intercalated cells are largely mirror images in that type A intercalated cells are H secreting cells, whereas type B intercalated cells are OH secreting cells. Whether non-A, non-B intercalated cells represent H or OH secreting cells or whether they interconvert between these functions is unclear. Transporters such as pendrin (Slc26a4, Pds), AE1 (Slc4a1), the H-ATPase, and NBC3 (Slc4a7) contribute to the ability of intercalated cells to secrete H or OH equivalents. In addition to mediating secretion of H or OH equivalents, however, intercalated cells also regulate vascular volume, and hence blood pressure, likely by regulating renal Cl excretion.
The molecular mechanisms of net H/OH secretion by intercalated cell subsets have been largely defined over the past decade. Moreover, targeted genetic disruption of these transporters has revealed novel roles, such as blood pressure regulation. Thus, some of these transporters might be the target of future antihypertensive drugs.
本综述将总结最近描述的肾闰细胞的新功能。
在过去20年里，闰细胞在肾净酸排泄过程中的重要性已得到认可。最近，许多负责这种细胞功能的分子机制也已被描述。从功能上讲，A型和B型闰细胞在很大程度上是镜像关系，即A型闰细胞是分泌H⁺的细胞，而B型闰细胞是分泌OH⁻的细胞。非A非B闰细胞是分泌H⁺还是OH⁻的细胞，或者它们是否在这些功能之间相互转换尚不清楚。诸如pendrin（Slc26a4，Pds）、AE1（Slc4a1）、H⁺-ATP酶和NBC3（Slc4a7）等转运蛋白有助于闰细胞分泌H⁺或OH⁻等价物。然而，除了介导H⁺或OH⁻等价物的分泌外，闰细胞还可能通过调节肾Cl⁻排泄来调节血管容量，进而调节血压。
在过去十年里，闰细胞亚群净分泌H⁺/OH⁻的分子机制已基本明确。此外，对这些转运蛋白的靶向基因破坏揭示了新的作用，如血压调节。因此，这些转运蛋白中的一些可能成为未来抗高血压药物的靶点。
