Curtin John J, Barnett Nancy P, Colby Suzanne M, Rohsenow Damaris J, Monti Peter M
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2005 May;66(3):332-43. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2005.66.332.
There were two specific goals for the current study: (1) to demonstrate that adolescents display drug-specific cue reactivity to alcohol and cigarette visual cues that varies based on drug-use history and (2) to test the unique contribution of adolescents' avoidance reactions to alcohol and cigarette cues, independent of approach/craving reaction.
Adolescents (N = 143; age 13-20 years; 58 males) with varied substance-use histories were recruited from school and community sites. Adolescents were presented with a series of alcohol, cigarette, and nondrug comparison visual cues and reported their approach/craving and avoidance reactions. They also completed individual difference measures related to their alcohol and cigarette use and experiences.
When adolescents were grouped according to their current alcohol or cigarette use (no use, low use, high use), increased use of alcohol or cigarettes was associated with stronger reactions (increased approach, decreased avoidance) to cues for that substance but not to nondrug control cues. Simultaneous regression analyses demonstrated that after controlling for approach/craving reactions, avoidance cue reactions predicted unique and/or incremental variance in measures of alcohol and cigarette usage, recent change in patterns of use, alcohol expectancies, alcohol restraint and parental alcohol problems.
Adolescents displayed robust alcohol and cigarette cue-specific reactions that varied systematically with their current use of these drugs. Across numerous clinically relevant individual difference variables, predictive power was greatly enhanced through the inclusion of both avoidance and approach reactions.
本研究有两个具体目标：（1）证明青少年对酒精和香烟视觉线索表现出特定药物的线索反应性，且这种反应性因药物使用史而异；（2）测试青少年对酒精和香烟线索的回避反应的独特作用，独立于趋近/渴望反应。
从学校和社区场所招募了有不同物质使用史的青少年（N = 143；年龄13 - 20岁；58名男性）。向青少年呈现一系列酒精、香烟和非药物对照视觉线索，并报告他们的趋近/渴望和回避反应。他们还完成了与酒精和香烟使用及经历相关的个体差异测量。
当根据青少年当前的酒精或香烟使用情况（不使用、低使用、高使用）进行分组时，酒精或香烟使用量的增加与对该物质线索的更强反应（增加趋近、减少回避）相关，但与非药物对照线索无关。同时回归分析表明，在控制了趋近/渴望反应后，回避线索反应预测了酒精和香烟使用量、近期使用模式变化、酒精预期、酒精抑制和父母酒精问题测量中的独特和/或增量方差。
青少年表现出强烈的酒精和香烟线索特异性反应，这些反应随他们当前对这些药物的使用情况而系统变化。在众多临床相关的个体差异变量中，通过纳入回避和趋近反应，预测能力大大增强。
