Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University-University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, USA.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2018 Aug;12(4):931-941. doi: 10.1007/s11682-017-9757-0.
Adolescence represents an ideal time for elucidating the etiology of cue reactivity profiles. This study examined the influence of three risk factors consistently associated with heavy adolescent drinking on alcohol cue reactivity. Youth were first assessed while still naïve to alcohol (12-14 years old) and followed after transitioning into alcohol use (17-21 years old). The effects of family history of substance use disorder, sex, and history of early of dating (i.e., before 14 years of age) on BOLD response contrast to alcohol picture cues were examined in a linear mixed model, controlling for age and alcohol use patterns at follow-up. Activation to alcohol picture cues differed as a function of risk factor and time. At baseline, family history positive youth showed greater activation to alcohol cues than family history negative peers in the right middle occipital and anterior cingulate gyri. Youth with a history of early-dating showed greater activation to alcohol cues, compared to non-early daters, in the left anterior cingulate/white matter region. Girls showed greater activation to alcohol than boys at baseline in left middle frontal gyrus. At follow-up, after drinking started, patterns reversed for each risk factor. These results indicate that even prior to initiating alcohol use, adolescents showed differences in activation to alcohol cues based on their family history, dating history, and sex.
青春期是阐明线索反应特征病因的理想时期。本研究考察了三个与青少年大量饮酒密切相关的风险因素对酒精线索反应的影响。首先在青少年尚未接触酒精时（12-14 岁）对其进行评估，然后在他们开始饮酒后（17-21 岁）进行跟踪评估。该研究采用线性混合模型，在控制了随访时的年龄和饮酒模式后，检验了物质使用障碍家族史、性别和早期约会史（即 14 岁之前）对与酒精图片线索相对应的大脑活动的影响。作为风险因素和时间的函数，酒精线索诱发的大脑活动存在差异。在基线时，有物质使用障碍家族史的青少年在右中枕叶和前扣带回区域比没有家族史的同龄人对酒精线索的激活程度更高。有早期约会史的青少年在左前扣带回/白质区域对酒精线索的激活程度高于无早期约会史的青少年。在基线时，女孩在左额中回的大脑活动比男孩对酒精的反应更强烈。在随访时，在开始饮酒后，每个风险因素的模式都发生了逆转。这些结果表明，即使在开始饮酒之前，青少年在激活对酒精线索的反应方面也表现出基于其家族史、约会史和性别的差异。
