Dudek Wojciech, Walusiak Jolanta, Wittczak Tomasz, Krakowiak Anna, Marciniak-Bielak Dioniza, Raulf-Heimsoth Monika, Pałczyński Cezary
Centre of Occupational and Environmental Allergy, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2005;18(1):35-42.
There is insufficient data on the prevalence of latex allergy in the general population in Poland. The aim of the study was to evaluate natural rubber latex (NRL) sensitization and its risk factors among Polish blood donors.
The study group comprised 1000 consecutive blood donors attending the Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine. Total IgE and allergen specific IgE to NRL (asNRL-IgE) were assayed using the EIA (enzyme immunoassay) test. In the subjects with asNRL-IgE equal to or above Class II further surveys were performed: questionnaire, skin prick tests (SPT) to common allergens, NRL and food allergens cross reactive to NRL, asNRL-IgE with FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved FEIA (fluorescent enzyme immunoassay) test and antigen profile of asNRL-IgE.
asNRL-IgE (EIA) was observed in 17.9% of blood donors. Only 10% of positive results equal to or above Class II were confirmed with the FEIA test. The positive FEIA results were confirmed with SPT to NRL in 60% and the negative FEIA results in 5.4% of cases. The specific IgE to Hev b 3, 5, 6 and 13 were observed in the subjects with occupational exposure to NRL. The highest concentration of Hev b 8 was observed in the subjects not symptomatic to NRL with positive SPT to grass and tree pollens.
The EIA test showed the high prevalence of antigen specific IgE to NRL among Polish blood donors. There was low concordance between EIA and FEIA tests. Therefore, the EIA test should be used only for screening purposes along with the establishment of sensitivity and specificity of the method. Elevated total IgE level, active tobacco smoking, and history of atopic disease symptoms were revealed to be risk factors for the presence of asNRL-IgE.
关于波兰普通人群中乳胶过敏患病率的数据不足。本研究的目的是评估波兰献血者中天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）致敏情况及其危险因素。
研究组由1000名连续前往地区输血医学中心的献血者组成。使用酶免疫测定（EIA）试验检测总IgE和针对NRL的变应原特异性IgE（asNRL-IgE）。对于asNRL-IgE等于或高于II级的受试者，进行了进一步调查：问卷调查、对常见变应原、NRL以及与NRL有交叉反应的食物变应原进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）、使用美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的荧光酶免疫测定（FEIA）试验检测asNRL-IgE以及asNRL-IgE的抗原谱分析。
17.9%的献血者检测到asNRL-IgE（EIA）。FEIA试验仅确认了10%等于或高于II级的阳性结果。60%的FEIA阳性结果通过对NRL的SPT得到证实，5.4%的FEIA阴性结果得到证实。在职业接触NRL的受试者中观察到针对Hev b 3、5、6和13的特异性IgE。在对草和树花粉SPT呈阳性但对NRL无症状的受试者中观察到Hev b 8的最高浓度。
EIA试验显示波兰献血者中针对NRL的抗原特异性IgE患病率较高。EIA和FEIA试验之间的一致性较低。因此，EIA试验仅应用于筛查目的，并同时确定该方法的敏感性和特异性。总IgE水平升高、主动吸烟以及特应性疾病症状史被发现是asNRL-IgE存在的危险因素。
