Posner M I, Carr T H
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.
Am J Psychol. 1992 Spring;105(1):1-26.
Recent studies in the cognitive psychology of reading and many other skilled performances have been dominated by models inspired by neural connectivity (e.g., McClelland & Rumelhart, 1986). Such models have not yet begun to consider the accumulating evidence of considerable anatomical localization of component cognitive operations in the human brain (e.g., Posner, Petersen, Fox, & Raichle, 1988). In this article we apply anatomical findings to the job of building computational models of visual word recognition. Brain imaging studies already provide important constraints on how lexical access should be defined in terms of isolable encoding operations that compute the visual form, phonology, and semantics of words. Brain imaging studies also speak to issues of modularity versus interaction between these encoding operations, distribution versus localization of processing within the operations, and orchestration of operations to accomplish different word processing tasks. We conclude that a combined cognitive and anatomical analysis may be of considerable benefit in developing more adequate models of human information processing.
近期关于阅读认知心理学及许多其他技能表现的研究，一直受神经连接启发的模型主导（例如，麦克莱兰和鲁梅尔哈特，1986年）。此类模型尚未开始考虑有关人类大脑中认知操作组件存在相当程度解剖学定位的越来越多的证据（例如，波斯纳、彼得森、福克斯和雷奇勒，1988年）。在本文中，我们将解剖学研究结果应用于构建视觉单词识别计算模型的工作中。脑成像研究已经对如何根据计算单词视觉形式、语音和语义的可分离编码操作来定义词汇通达提供了重要限制。脑成像研究还涉及这些编码操作之间模块化与交互、操作内处理的分布与定位以及完成不同单词处理任务的操作编排等问题。我们得出结论，认知与解剖学相结合的分析对于开发更完善的人类信息处理模型可能大有裨益。
