Christ B, Wilting J
Institute of Anatomy, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Ann Anat. 1992 Feb;174(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80337-7.
We report on the development and differentiation of the somites with respect to vertebral column formation in avian and human embryos. The somites, which are made up of different compartments, establish a segmental pattern which becomes transferred to adjacent structures such as the peripheral nervous system and the vascular system. Each vertebra arises from three sclerotomic areas. The paired lateral ones give rise to the neural arches, the ribs and the pedicles of vertebrae, whereas the vertebral body and the intervening disc develop from the axially-located mesenchyme. The neural arches originate from the caudal half of one somite, whereas the vertebral body is made up of the adjacent parts of two somites. Interactions between notochord and axial mesenchyme are a prerequisite for the normal development of vertebral bodies and intervening discs. The neural arches form a frame for the neural tube and spinal ganglia. The boundary between head and vertebral column is located between the 5th and 6th somites. In the human embryo, proatlas, body of the atlas segment, and body of the axis fuse to form the axis.
我们报告了鸟类和人类胚胎中体节在脊柱形成方面的发育和分化情况。体节由不同的部分组成，形成一种节段模式，并传递给相邻结构，如周围神经系统和血管系统。每个椎骨由三个生骨节区域发育而来。成对的外侧区域形成神经弓、肋骨和椎弓根，而椎体和其间的椎间盘则由轴向定位的间充质发育而来。神经弓起源于一个体节的后半部分，而椎体则由两个相邻体节的部分组成。脊索与轴向间充质之间的相互作用是椎体和其间椎间盘正常发育的前提条件。神经弓为神经管和脊髓神经节形成一个框架。头与脊柱的边界位于第5和第6体节之间。在人类胚胎中，原寰椎、寰椎节段的椎体和枢椎体融合形成枢椎。
